Introduction Overweight increases the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and serves as a major risk factor for arthropathy and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This condition is becoming increasingly prevalent among patients with haemophilia (PWH). Different forms of exercise training could favourably modify weight‐related complications, cardiovascular risk factors and the inflammation. Aim To investigate the effects of resistance, aerobic and combined exercises on the pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory markers in overweight patients with moderate haemophilia A. Methods Forty‐eight patients with moderate haemophilia A, aged 35‐55 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 25‐30 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to resistance training (RT, n = 12), aerobic (AT, n = 12), combined training (CT, n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The patients participated in 45‐minutes exercise sessions three times a week for 6 weeks. Waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, fat‐free mass, interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and high sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were measured before and after the 6 weeks of training. Results There was significant decrease in WC, WHR, BMI and weight in the AT, RT and CT groups as compared to the control group. Total HJHS scores decreased in the AT, RT, CT groups compared to the control groups (P ≤ 0.001). The decrease in hs‐CRP, IL‐6 and TNF‐α in the CT group was significant compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.02). The increase in IL‐10 and adiponectin was not significant in the RT, AT and CT groups compared to the control group. Conclusion CT was the most effective training mode for decreasing the pro‐inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti‐inflammatory markers in overweight patients with haemophilia A.
Introduction This study examined the effectiveness of occupational performance coaching, which was delivered through telerehabilitation, in improving children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) occupational performance, behavior problems, and prosocial behavior in addition to parental self-efficacy and quality of life. Method Forty-three children were matched and randomized to occupational performance coaching or waitlist groups. Occupational performance, parental self-efficacy, behavioral problems, and prosocial behaviors were assessed using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Child adjustment and parent efficacy scale-developmental disability (CAPES-DD), the Short-Form Health Survey, and goal attainment scale. Results The intervention group showed greater improvement on occupational performance, specified goals, and behavioral problems. No progress was seen on the CAPES-DD prosocial behavior subscale. In addition, parental quality of life improvement was not maintained after the follow-up phase. Conclusion Occupation performance coaching, which was delivered through telerehabilitation, was effective on children with ASD occupational performance and parental self-efficacy, but it was not effective on the prosocial behaviors of these children.
Purpose Since fear of falling may be one of the main problems in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), its assessment with valid tools is necessary in both drug phases. This study was carried out to investigate the psychometric attributes of the Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) in people with PD, both in On and Off phases. Methods One hundred twenty-four patients with PD (mean age ± standard deviation, 60.33 ± 12.59 years) were assessed with the FES-I, both in On- and Off-drug phases. Dimensionality, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were, respectively, explored by means of factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. Convergent validity of FES-I was established with Visual Analog Scale-Fear of Falling, Berg Balance Scale, and Functional Reach Test. Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-Activities of Daily Living were also applied. Discriminative validity was tested between patients with and without a history of falling. Results Factor analysis showed two factors for On- and one factor for Off-drug phase. Internal consistency (α = 0.96, On phase; 0.98, Off phase) and test-retest reliability (0.94; 0.91) were satisfactory in both drug phases. There was a moderate/high correlation (rS = |0.50–0.70|) between FES-I and Visual Analog Scale-Fear of Falling, Berg Balance Scale, and Functional Reach Test. Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-Activities of Daily Living were achieved in both drug phases too. The sensitivity of FES-I to discriminate Parkinson's disease with and without falls showed moderate effect size in both phases. Conclusion This study verified that FES-I is unidimensional, reliable, and valid to measure the Fear of Falling during On- and Off-drug phases in people with PD.
The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the social participation of Iranian children with cerebral palsy (CP). Participants were 274 (male = 62%; female = 38%) children with CP, 6- to 12-years old (mean = 1.64) and their parents. Several standardized measures were used to assess social participation, gather environmental factors, and demographic questionnaires. The results of stepwise linear regression analysis indicated that the type of CP, Manual ability level and cognitive level (IQ) appear to be strong predictors of social participation between personal and environmental factors.
Background and Objectives: Archery is a static sport and requires high degrees of accuracy and stability in the glenohumeral joint. Kinesio Tape (KT) is known as a technique for increasing joint stability and Joint Position Sense (JPS), with subsequent improvement in accuracy. The present study aims to investigate the effect of KT on shoulder JPS and accuracy in female archery athletes using Olympic recurve bows. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 female archers with a mean age of 24.77±6.16 years and minimum of one year's experience of archery, volunteered to take part in the study. The repositioning angle test was performed on the shoulder JPS (of the drawing arm) at 30 degrees and 60 degrees of external rotation. In this test, the drawing arm shoulder was at 90 degrees of abduction and the elbow was at 90 degrees of flexion. Then, each participant shot three arrows from distances of 18, 30, and 50 meters, and their scores were recorded. Next, KT was placed on the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles, and repositioning test and shooting were repeated. Results: KT positively affected archery scores (P=0.004, 0.000, and 0.004 for 18, 30, and 50 meters, respectively). The results for absolute error in repositioning angle test showed an increase in JPS at 60 degrees of external rotation (P=0.000), but no significant difference was observed at 30 degrees of external rotation (P=0.637). Conclusion: It appears that KT technique can be used to increase the shoulder joint JPS and improve archers' shooting accuracy.
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