In this study, the systemic hemodynamics induced by acute and chronic cadmium (Cd+2) intoxication in the cardiovascular system of rats using thoracic electrical bioimpedance were examined and the acute and chronic effects of Cd+2 intoxication on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) were compared. Also, in this study, ultrastructural changes in the heart and aorta of rats were evaluated. Thirty-eight male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into control, acute, and chronic groups. Chronic group was administered by oral gavage an aqueous solution of CdCl2 for 60 days, at dose of 15 mg Cd+2/kg/day. Acute group was administered by oral gavage an aqueous solution of CdCl2 with a single dose of 15 mg Cd+2/kg. Cadmium increased the stroke volume and cardiac output of rats in the chronic group, but did not change the heart rate significantly. Antioxidant enzymes activities and MDA level significantly increased in the chronic group. In ultrastructural examination, there were widespread degenerative changes in heart muscle cells of the chronic group but endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the aorta tissue samples had normal morphological features in all groups. All of the findings indicate that Cd+2 toxication can cause deformation in heart muscle cells due to an increase in free radicals and lipid peroxidation. Also, this study has confirmed that a long-term-Cd+2 exposure increased stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO), but did not change the heart rate (HR).
This study investigates the association of oxidative stress with the function of the phrenic nerve and inquires whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may counteract the possible detrimental effects. Thirty rats were divided into three groups: sham, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and CLP plus NAC treatment. Sepsis was produced by the CLP procedure. NAC was administered at 70 mg/day for 7 days. Electrophysiology was evaluated by the needle electromyography of the diaphragm and phrenic nerve conduction study. Oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite/nitrate (NN), and reduced-glutathione (ReGSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase (CAT) activities in the phrenic nerve. In the CLP group, ReGSH and CAT were decreased (P = 0.0001, P = 0.07, respectively); and MDA, MPO, and NN were increased (P = 0.02, P = 0.0001, P = 0.043, respectively), compared with the sham group. NAC administration increased the ReGSH (P = 0.036) and decreased the MDA, MPO, and NN (P = 0.008, P = 0.01, P = 0.032, respectively), compared with the CLP group. In the CLP group, electrophysiology revealed reductions in the number of motor unit action potentials (P = 0.0001) and prolongations in the latency of the compound nerve action potential (P = 0.0001), indicating phrenic nerve neuropathy. NAC administration significantly ameliorated these electrophysiological alterations (P = 0.011, P = 0.0001, respectively), compared with the CLP group. The present results showed that intraabdominal sepsis is closely associated with phrenic nerve neuropathy. In addition, NAC administration protects the rats against the detrimental events of sepsis.
A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : Ne o na tal hypo xic-isc he mic (HI) in sult has acu te and long term de le te ri ous ef fects on many tis su es inc lu ding the pe rip he ral ner ves. To da te, no study has in ves ti ga ted the ro le of pla te let-ac ti va ting fac tor (PAF) an ta go nists on pe rip he ral ner ve da ma ge in a ne o na tal rat mo del of HI. In this study, we exa mi ned the ef fects of PAF an ta go nist (ABT-491) on pe rip he ral ner ve da ma ge in rats in the 16th we ek that we re ex po sed to HI on 7th day af ter birth. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : Se ven-day-old Wis tar rat pups we re sub jec ted to right com mon ca ro tid ar tery li ga ti on and hypo xi a (92% nit ro gen and 8% oxy gen) for one ho ur. They we re tre a ted eit her with ABT-491 (n=19) or sa li ne (n=20) im me di a tely af ter hypo xi a. In sham gro up (n=20), ne it her li ga ti on nor hypo xi a was per for med. The com po und mo tor ac ti on po ten ti al (CMAP) re cor dings of all ani mals we re ma de in the six te enth we ek fol lo wing the HI. For CMAP re cor dings, bi po lar sti mu la ting elec tro des we re pla ced on the sci a tic ner ve. Upon sti mu la ti on, two sur fa ce elec tro des, pla ced over the gas troc ne mi us musc le, re cor ded com po und musc le ac ti on po ten ti als. R Re e s su ul lt ts s: : The amp li tu de of CMAP re cor ded from the rats tre a ted with sa li ne af ter hypo xi a was smaller com pa red to the sham gro up. However, the CMAP re cor ded from the gro up tre a ted with ABT-491 af ter HI was not sig ni fi cantly dif fe rent from the sham gro up. C Co on nc c l lu u s si i o on n: : This study imp li es that HI has axo nal dama ge on pe rip he ral ner ve but a PAF an ta go nist ABT-491 has a pre ven ti ve ef fect on the axo nal dysfunc ti on af ter HI.K Ke ey y W Wo or rd ds s : : ABT-491; Action potentials; peripheral nerves; ischemia; anoxia Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Ne o na tal hi pok sik-is ke mik (Hİ) ha sar pe ri fe rik si nir ler da hil bir çok do ku da kı sa ve uzun va de de za rar lı et ki ler gös te rir. Bu gü ne ka dar, Hİ 'ye ma ruz ka lan ye ni do ğan sı çan la rın pe rife rik si nir ha sa rı üze ri ne pla te let ak ti ve edi ci fak tör (PAF) an ta go nis ti nin ro lü araş tı rıl ma mış tır. Bu ça lış ma da PAF an ta go nis ti nin (ABT-491) do ğum dan son ra ki yedinci gün de Hİ' ye ma ruz ka lan sı -çan lar da 16. haf ta da ki pe ri fe rik si nir ha sa rı na et ki le ri ni in ce le dik. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Ye di gün-lük Wis tar sı çan yav ru la rı sağ or tak ka ro tid ar ter li gas yo nu na ve bir sa at sü rey le hi pok si ye (%92 nit ro jen ve %8 ok si jen) ma ruz bı ra kıl dı lar. Hi pok si nin he men ar dın dan bir grup sı ça na ABT-491 (ABT Gru bu), di ğer bir grup sı ça na se rum fiz yo lo jik (Sa li n Gru bu) ve ril di. Üçün cü grup sı ça na (Sham Gru bu) li gas yon ve ya hi pok si uy gu lan ma dı. Bü tün hay van lar da Hİ' yi iz le yen onal tın cı hafta da bi le şik mo tor ak ...
The aim of the present study was to systematically investigate the effects of chronic exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on electrophysiological, histological and biochemical properties of the diaphragm muscle in rats. Twenty-nine newly weaned (24 days old, 23–80 g) female ( n = 15) and male ( n = 14) Wistar Albino rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the electromagnetic field (EMF) group. The control group was also randomly divided into two groups: the control female group and the control male group. The EMF exposure group was also randomly divided into two groups: the ELF-EMF female group and the ELF-EMF male group. The rats in the ELF-EMF groups were exposed for 4 h daily for up to 7 months to 50 Hz frequency, 1.5 mT magnetic flux density. Under these experimental conditions, electrophysiological parameters (muscle bioelectrical activity parameters: intracellular action potential and resting membrane potential and muscle mechanical activity parameter: force–frequency relationship), biochemical parameters (Na+, K+, Cl− and Ca+2 levels in the blood serum of rats; Na+-K+ ATPase enzyme-specific activities in muscle tissue; and free radical metabolism in both muscle tissue and serum) and transmission electron microscopic morphometric parameters of the diaphragm muscle were determined. We found that chronic exposure to ELF-EMF had no significant effect on the histological structure and mechanical activity of the muscle and on the majority of muscle bioelectrical activity parameters, with the exception of some parameters of muscle bioelectrical activity. However, the changes in some bioelectrical activity parameters were relatively small and unlikely to be clinically relevant.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.