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The vascular endothelial cells are the inner layers of blood vessels. It regulates the function of blood vessels and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable synthetic polymer with a well-controlled degradation rate and an acceptable mechanical strength. It can be easily fabricated into many shapes. Silk consists of 18 amino acids. It found important for attaching cells cultured in vitro, and maintaining cell functions. In this study, we fabricated silk/PLGA biomaterial hybrid films of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 wt% silk. We performed MTT, SEM, ELISA, and immunocytochemistry analyses. We confirmed the adhesion and the proliferation of HAECs on silk/PLGA according to the content of silk, and 40 wt% silk/PLGA hybrid films have superior adhesion and proliferation properties. These results demonstrate that silk/PLGA hybrid films provide suitable surfaces for HAECs, and there is the effect of silk on cell growth and proliferation.

also recommends that oral steroids should not be provided as first-line therapy in mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), and if corticosteroids are used as the first-line induction therapy for moderate to severe Crohn' s disease (CD), a gradual dose reduction is advised. 6 In this issue of Intestinal Research, Park et al. 7 conducted "A retrospective Chart review to observe The use of steroids In managing patients with inflammatory bowel disease iN South Korea (ACTION)" to investigate the current status of steroid use in the treatment of IBD in South Korea and to evaluate the effect of educating physicians on excessive and/or inappropriate steroid use using a cohort of patients with IBD recruited from 5 centers across the representative geographic regions of South Korea from May 14, 2018, to July 18, 2019. Of the 1,685 participants (660 CD and 1,025 UC), 9.2% (n = 155) experienced steroid exposure in the past 12 months, of which 29.7% (n = 46) had excessive steroid use and 10.3% (n = 16) had inappropriate steroid use. When compared according to disease type, the overall steroid exposure rate was higher in UC patients than in CD patients (10.7% vs. 6.8%), and the frequency of steroid dependency (69.1% vs. 57.8%) and excessive steroid use (34.6% vs. 17.8%) were also higher in UC patients than in CD patients, respectively. The authors also evaluated the impact of physician education on steroid use by constructing another cohort 1 year after physical education, and the frequency of excessive steroid use (from 29.7% to 20%), steroid dependency (from

Background: It has been reported that migraine is more common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in general. However, the impact of migraine on the development of IBD has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the association between migraine and the development of IBD. Methods: This nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. A total of 10,628,070 people aged 20 years or older who had undergone a national health examination conducted by the NHIS in 2009 were followed up until 2017. The study population was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of migraine. We analyzed the incidence of newly developed IBD, Crohn’s disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) during the follow-up period. Results: The incidence of IBD was significantly higher in patients with migraine (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] with 95% confidence interval [95%CI] of 1.31 [1.173–1.468], p <0.001), CD (aHR with 95%CI of 1.58 [1.237–2.013], p <0.001) and UC (aHR with 95%CI of 1.26 [1.106–1.424], p<0.001) than in those without migraine. After 5 years of follow-up, those with migraine showed curves implying cumulative incidences of IBD with a steep increase, especially for CD. In subgroup analysis, migraine was associated with the risk of UC in males (aHR, 1.431 vs. 1.117; interaction p = 0.042). Conclusions: Migraine is significantly associated with the development of IBD. Patients with migraine should be monitored carefully for the development of IBD.