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Borealization of the Arctic Ocean future suggests that Arctic borealization will continue under scenarios of global warming. Results from this synthesis further our understanding of the Arctic Ocean's complex and sometimes non-intuitive Arctic response to climate forcing by identifying new feedbacks in the atmosphere-ice-ocean system in which borealization plays a key role.

dominated by strong seasonality in sea ice and water temperatures. Extremely warm conditions from 2017 into 2019 -including loss of ice cover across portions of the region in all three winters -were a marked change even from other recent warm years. Biological indicators suggest th is state change could alter ecosystem structure and function. Here we report observations of ke y physical drivers, biological responses, and consequences for humans, including subsisten ce hunting, commercial fishing, and industrial shipping. We consider whether observed state changes are indicative of future norms, whether an ecosystem transformation is alread y underway, and if so, whether shifts are synchronously functional and system-wide, or reveal a slower cascade of changes from the physical environment through the food web to huma n society. Understanding of this observed process of ecosystem reorganization may shed light on transformations occurring elsewhere.The highly productive northern Bering and Chukchi marine shelf ecosystem has long been

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