Despite the association of several miRNAs with bladder cancer, little is known about the miRNAs' regulatory networks. In this study, we aimed to construct potential networks of bladder-cancer-related miRNAs and their known target genes using miRNA expression profiling and bioinformatics tools and to investigate potential key molecules that might play roles in bladder cancer regulatory networks. Global miRNA expression profiles were obtained using microarray followed by RT-qPCR validation using two randomly selected miRNAs. Known targets of deregulated miRNAs were utilized using DIANA-TarBase database v6.0. The incorporation of deregulated miRNAs and target genes into KEGG pathways were utilized using DIANA-mirPath software. To construct potential miRNA regulatory networks, the overlapping parts of three selected KEGG pathways were visualized by Cytoscape software. We finally gained 19 deregulated miRNAs, including 5 ups- and 14 down regulated in 27 bladder-cancer tissue samples and 8 normal urothelial tissue samples. The enrichment results of deregulated miRNAs and known target genes showed that most pathways were related to cancer or cell signaling pathways. We determined the hub CDK6, BCL2, E2F3, PTEN, MYC, RB, and ERBB3 target genes and hub hsa-let-7c, hsa-miR-195-5p, hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-23b-3p, and hsa-miR-125b-5p miRNAs of the constructed networks. These findings provide new insights into the bladder cancer regulatory networks and give us a hypothesis that hsa-let-7c, hsa-miR-195-5p, and hsa-miR-125b-5p, along with CDK4 and CDK6 genes might exist in the same bladder cancer pathway. Particularly, hub miRNAs and genes might be potential biomarkers for bladder cancer clinics.
The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between men and women in terms of suicide age, suicide method and suicide reason in Turkey. This study recruited 17,327 cases that had committed suicide between 1990 and 2000. Of all the cases who committed suicide during a period of 11 years, 61.1% were men, 38.9% women. The highest suicide score fell into the age group 15-24 (P<0.001). The most frequently used methods for suicide were self-hanging (48.2%) and use of firearms (19.2%) (P<0.001). The proportion of those committing suicide taking chemicals (drugs, etc.) was higher in women than in men (P<0.001). The most frequently seen reasons for suicide were illness and (33.8%) unsatisfactory relationships (33.0%) (P<0.001, each one). Women committed suicide much more because of unsatisfactory relationships, whereas for men it was due to illness (20.8% and 14.6%, respectively). There were significant differences between men and women in terms of suicide age, suicide method and suicide reason in Turkey. When evaluating suicide cases it is essential that the differences between sexes be taken into consideration.
We aimed to compare the performance of three different individual ROC methods (one from each of the broad categories of parametric, nonparametric and semiparametric analysis) for assessing continuous diagnostic tests: the binormal method as a parametric method, an empirical approach as a nonparametric method, and a semiparametric method using generalized linear models (GLM). We performed a simulation study with various sample sizes under normal, skewed, and monotone distributions. In the simulations, we used estimates of the ROC curve parameters a and b, estimates of the area under the curve (AUC), the standard errors and root mean square errors (RMSEs) of these estimates, and the 95% AUC confidence intervals for comparison. The three methodologies were also applied to an acute coronary syndrome dataset in which serum myoglobin levels were used as a biomarker for detecting acute coronary syndrome. The simulation and application studies suggest that the semiparametric ROC analysis using GLM is a reliable method when the distributions of the diagnostic test results are skewed and that it provides a smooth ROC curve for obtaining a unique cutoff value. A sample size of 50 is sufficient for applying the semiparametric ROC method.
Turkish schoolchildren living in Eskişehir had considerably high levels of coronary risk factors. The interventional measures established in childhood, during which the lifestyle and habits responsible for coronary heart diseases are acquired, will be very effective for preventing and modifying the risk factors predisposing children to coronary heart disease.
Aim Studies have shown that the causes and methods of suicides differ among young and old individuals; consequently, it is important to identify the subgroups that are at high risk for suicide to aid in suicide prevention. The present study compared the causes and methods of suicides between 2002 and 2013 among older adults aged 65–69 years, 70–74 years and ≥75 years by completed crude suicide rate and sex. Methods Data detailing sex, the causes and methods of completed suicides in older adults aged 65–69 years, 70–74 years and ≥75 years that occurred between 2002 and 2013 were drawn from the Turkish Statistical Institute. Results In all age groups, crude suicide rates were threefold more frequent among men than among women. In both sexes, the most frequent suicide cause was mental illness. In the group aged 65–69 years, the most common cause of suicide was financial difficulty for men and marital conflict for women. The most frequent suicide method among older adults of both sexes was hanging. In all age groups, firearms use was more common among men and jumping from a high place was more common among women. Conclusion The present findings suggest that the most common suicide cause in both sexes and in all age groups was mental illness in Turkey. To prevent suicidal behavior in older adults,; it is important to diagnose mental disorders, such as mood disorders and substance abuse, and to treat them quickly. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 66–69.
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