Türk dış politikası
AfrikaSiyasa yapımı İnkrementalizm ÖZ Türkiye'nin Sahra altı ülkelerle ilişkileri 2000'li yıllardan itibaren önemli ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Var olan çalışmalar bu politikanın ardındaki motivasyonlara odaklanmış ve meselenin siyasal, ekonomik ve kültürel boyutlarını analiz etmişlerdir. Bu makale ise politikanın oluşum sürecine odaklanarak yazına katkıda bulunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Türkiye'de Afrika ülkelerine yönelik bir açılım 2000'lerden önce gündeme gelmiş olsa da bu çabalar ya tam anlamıyla bir politikaya dönüşmemiş ya da hükümet değişikliği nedeniyle terk edilmiştir. 2000 sonrası Afrika politikasının başarılı bir şekilde ortaya çıkması kısmen bu çabalara ve siyasa girişimcilerinin destek alabilmek için benimsedikleri stratejilere bağlı olmuştur.
This article tracks the emergence and growth of advocacy around autonomous weapon systems (AWS). By looking at the ways in which activists problematize autonomous weapons and at the growing members of the alliance to ban killer robots, the subtle shifts in issue framing and configuration of the network are outlined. It is argued that the advocacy against AWS emerged from an epistemic community and grew to include significant non‐governmental organizations such as Human Rights Watch. It is further argued that autonomous weapons were initially conceptualized as ‘killer robots’ that threaten international security and the security of civilians during armed conflict. This framing later came to be supplemented by ideas that AWS may emerge as a new form of weapon of mass destruction that could be used to threaten citizens living in Western countries. The changes in the network that seeks to ban AWS and the shifting ways of problematizing them indicates that transnational activism is in flux. Discordant ways of approaching AWS may risk the formation of a broad‐based coalition to ban AWS. This study complements studies that focus on norms of and government policies towards future warfare.
The literature of Europeanization claims that the EU transforms the politics of member and candidate countries through processes such as social learning and socialization. This article questions the emphasis of Europeanization studies on ideational factors by looking at the example of Turkey-EU relations. The reform projects undertaken jointly by the EU and the Turkish police show that the EU seeks to transform the practices of candidate country actors, rather than simply their ideas. Moreover, the candidate country actors are not only passive learners, but they also seek to modify the content of EU reforms according to their interests.
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