Abstract. The current state of the environment in general, including the construction sector, is experiencing an excessive technogenic impact. Therefore, the authors consider the process of ecologization as an important condition for ensuring the sustainability of the development of construction production. The paper concludes that innovative approaches in the development and implementation of environmental protection programs for construction based on fundamentally new methods of natural resource use, resource saving, transition to new technologies for the production of building materials and structures determine the main directions for improving technological and other processes in this area. The authors determined that the increase in the efficiency of environmental measures in construction sector depends mainly on the location of construction sites and the specific feature of this production. In this regard, at each level of the construction process, there is a danger of pollution of the natural environment, which entails negative consequences of anthropogenic nature. Developing and introducing organizational and economic methods of innovative nature protection activities into the construction production aimed at improving the environmental safety of construction process and upgrading the quality of the surrounding environment on adjacent territories to construction sites is an urgent task.
The present research is aimed at investigating the current state of digital transformation of governance, economy and social sector. Basic attributes of digitalization of governance, economy and social sector are studied, particularly the mechanism of transformation of significant part of economic cooperation into information and telecommunication space; active introduction and application of e-money and smart contracts into civil transactions; development of e-governance. Problems of digital sector inevitably affect the compatibility of the economy under the current conditions, since lag in receiving and processing of relevant data and inability to use digital resource result in the loss of preceding market position. In terms of asymmetry of international trade, digital dependence of one particular country on another entails the increase in economic progress gap between these countries. If a country does not possesses these developments or has lost any of technological solutions, then nothing new can be worked out, so the next step is impossible. This is the reason why the state of digital sector, particularly its hardware base, special technological equipment that provides the necessary parameters for an integrated circuit, is the key factor for the prospects of social development.
The vector that defines the strategy of innovative development of the construction industry in Russia consists in providing conditions for increasing labor productivity, reducing energy intensity and prime cost of construction process by means of introducing new institutional mechanisms that allow directing the development of the construction complex to the implementation of green construction (ecological construction) investment projects. Today, the conditions for performing green construction as an innovative and energy-efficient solution of environmental management problems are being provided in Russia taking into account modern environmental requirements. The article discusses some problems and issues of green construction, considering architecture and construction areas that are aimed at erection and operation of buildings with soft impact on the nature. In order to ensure environmental safety, the effectiveness of elaboration and implementation of investment projects for green construction should be substantiated taking into account the ecological-and-economic model of the life cycle based on the subject-oriented approach. The present scientific article defines the state and trend of green construction development in the investment-and-construction sector, analyzes environmental safety and methods of creating the innovative green building development platform. The authors recommend developing a methodological outfit to optimize the interaction of economic entities of green construction. The optimization will help to assess the effectiveness of improving the innovative green building platform and the level of environmental safety.
The present article focuses on urgent issues of economic security in the transport sector. Transport is one of the most important sectors of the national economy that deals with complex economic and social challenges providing economy and people with transportation. The institutional changes implemented in Russia in the late 80s and early 90s affected all sectors, including transport. Shareholding and privatization led to fundamental change in the ratio of ownership forms in favor of private property (both collective and individual). The privatization-time stake on rapid creation of the competitive environment in the transport market through fragmentation of transport complexes and associations turned up to be unreasonable, since in most cases it caused a weakening of the position of domestic carriers, both in international and domestic transport market. Costs and tariffs for transportation sharply increased simultaneously with the decrease in investment and safety level of vehicles. In transport sector, the safety problem has traditionally been considered as a problem of a high accident rate, highlighting total number of road accidents and people died or injured in those accidents. The amount of studies on economic security in transport is negligible up to the present day.
Occupational injuries rates in the construction industry and transport remain at an unacceptably high level both in Russia and in a number of other countries. According to the world statistics, one of six fatal accidents at work occurs during construction works. Even in industrialized countries, 25% to 40% of all reported fatal accidents occur during construction work, although only 6% to 10% of the total workforce is employed in this industry. The same ratios are peculiar to Russia. According to official statistics, fatal occupational injuries in the country’s construction industry average 20% of the total number of such accidents, although the average number of workers in the construction industry for 2004-2019 does not exceed 7% of all workers. Management measures for occupational safety in construction related to controlling and reducing the risk of injury are not based on any special calculations, quantitative justifications, or application of optimization methods. In the field of inspection arrangement, there are no convincing methods to determine the control program, its results, the level of actual occupational risk, and the necessary time spent on administration of control. The existing causes of accidents in construction are formulated in a generic form, without details, which does not allow indicating specific preventive measures. In this regard, it is important to search for new approaches, methods and means of improving safety, as well as developing preventive measures in the management of occupational safety in the construction industry and transport.
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