Introduction. Growing concern about the increasing frequency of resistance of Helicobacter pylori to the available antimicrobial agents worldwide has encouraged the search for new strategies in treating and eradicating H. pylori infections. Endoscopic blue-light therapy has been used in patients with H. pylori gastritis with limited success due to subsequent repopulation with H. pylori . Clinical trials using Curcumin could not eradicate infection either. Aim. We studied the effect of blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) in conjunction with Curcumin on H. pylori , since this has not been previously reported. Methodology. We examined the effect of Curcumin with and without irradiation with blue LEDs on the viability of H. pylori and four key factors important for colonization and establishment of H. pylori infection, namely urease production, motility, adhesion and biofilm formation. Results. We found that a combination of Curcumin and blue LEDs caused significant reductions in viability, urease production, motility, haemagglutination activity, as well as increased disruption of mature preformed biofilms of H. pylori , in comparison to Curcumin alone (P<0.0001), at sublethal concentrations of Curcumin. Conclusion. Targeting the virulence factors of H. pylori with blue LED photoactivated Curcumin would theoretically cripple this pathogen from colonizing and causing tissue damage and perhaps overcome the problem of repopulation with H. pylori that often occurs following endoscopic blue-light therapy.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of medicinal Methanolic plant extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria to determine the cytotoxicity of these extracts on eukaryotic cells, and to confirm their efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in experimental animals. The effects of the methanol extract of sixty folk plants were investigated on; MRSA, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase E. coli and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disc diffusion and MIC assay. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT and hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Three plant extracts with the highest antimicrobial activities were tested using a challenge experiment on mice. Systemic infection was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation of (5 × 106 CFU/mL) of MRSA isolate. Then mice received 300 mg/kg body weight of the plant extracts daily for seven days. The efficacy of plant extracts was evaluated by general health, mortality rate, gross lesion, and histopathology study of inoculated mice. Only ten plants showed activities against different MDR bacteria with inhibitory zones ranging from (8 to 22 mm) in diameter. Of the ten medicinal plant extracts, and Aloysia citrodora showed the highest activities against MRSA and Camellia sinensis MSSA isolates, with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/mL, followed by Hibiscus sabdariffa, Thymus vulgaris, and Glycyrrhiza glabra. Furthermore, the extract of the effective plants showed low toxicity against Vero and fibroblasts cell lines, along with inhibitory activities to erythrocytes membrane disruption. The in vivo study demonstrated that Camellia sinensis showed significant activity against MRSA infections in mice. The results validate that these plants are effective and safe antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistance bacteria, and have the potential to be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections.
The dichloromethane extract of culture filtrate from Streptomyces aburaviensis R9 was evaluated using various rapid bioassays to determine potential inhibitory effects towards phytopathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae, C. gloeosoprioids, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, Phomopsis viticola and P. obscurans), fish bacterial pathogens (Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare), a green alga (Selenastrum capricornutum), plant seeds [Bent grass (Agrostis sp.) monocot and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) dicot] and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB)-producing cyanobacteria (Planktothrix perornata and Pseudanabaena sp.). The dichloromethane extract showed selective inhibition against the cyanobacterium P. perornata, with a lowest-complete-inhibition concentration (LCIC) of 10 mg/L and lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) of 10 mg/L while LCIC and LOEC values were 100 mg/L when tested against S. capricornutum. This extract also showed slight meristematic cytogenic necrosis at 200 mg/L towards germinated seeds of both test plants. The compounds were not very toxic towards the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) pathogenic bacteria E. ictaluri and F. columnare. Preliminary evaluation of the extract toward C. acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosoprioids using TLC bioautography revealed moderate activity. However, further evaluation of the extract using a microtiter plate bioassay determined that inhibition was strongest against C. acutatum and C. fragariae, though this inhibitory activity diminished at 72 hours and was moderately less active than the commercial fungicides azoxystrobin and captan when comparing 1 - 100 mg/L levels at 48 hours
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