Aim: We used comparative phylogeography of two intestinal parasites of freshwater fish to test whether similarity in life cycle translates into concordant phylogeographical history. The thorny-headed worms Pomphorhynchus laevis and P. tereticollis (Acanthocephala) were formerly considered as a single species with a broad geographical and host range within the Western Palaearctic.Location: Central and eastern parts of Northern Mediterranean area, Western and Central Europe, Ponto-Caspian Europe.Methods: A mitochondrial marker (COI) was sequenced for 111 P. laevis and 50 P.tereticollis individuals and nuclear ITS1 and ITS2 sequences were obtained for 37 P. tereticollis has differentiated more recently within the Western and Central parts of Europe, and shows weak geographical and genetic structuring. Conclusion:Our study highlights weak to moderate similarity in the phylogeographical pattern of these acanthocephalan parasites compared to their amphipod and fish hosts. The observed differences in the timing of dispersion and migration routes taken may reflect the use of a range of final hosts with different ecologies and dispersal capabilities. By using a group underrepresented in phylogeographical studies, our study is a valuable contribution to revealing the biogeography of host-parasite interactions in continental freshwaters. K E Y W O R D Samphipod, British islands, comparative phylogeography, Cyprinidae, Danube, helminth, Mediterranean, Messinian salinity crisis, Pomphorhynchus, Ponto-Caspian
226 SummaryIn this report, European common toads; Bufo bufo, European green toads Bufo viridis and marsh frogs Rana ridibunda were collected in Amasya, Çorum, and Tokat Provinces (Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey) 2005 and 2006 and examined for helminths. Two of 2 (100 %) Bufo bufo and 8 of 8 (100 %) Bufo viridis and 57 of 63 (90.5 %) Rana ridibunda were infected with 1 or more helminths. The helminths of B. bufo included Oswaldocruzia filiformis and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum. The helminth fauna of B. viridis comprised 5 species: 1 species of trematode (Pleurogenoides medians), 1 species of cestode (Nematotaenia dispar) and 3 species of nematodes, (Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum), while the helminth fauna of Rana ridibunda comprised 9 species: 4 species of trematodes (Gorgodera cygnoides, Gorgoderina vitelliloba, Haematoloechus breviansa, and Opisthioglyphe ranae), 3 species of nematodes Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum), and 2 species of acanthocephalans (Pomphorhynchus laevis and Acanthocephalus ranae). Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum were collected from all three host species. In addition, Pleurogenoides medians represents a new host record for Bufo viridis in Turkey.
During the nesting period in 2000 and 2001 on Patara beach, total emergence and non-nesting emergence of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), nest distribution, and nest distance from the sea were recorded . The main nesting seasons for sea turtles (family Cheloniidae) were during June and July. Loggerhead turtles comprised the majority of sea turtle emergence records; only two green turtle (Chelonia mydas) emergences were recorded. The small nesting population (52 and 53 nests in 2000 and 2001, respectively) of sea turtles on Patara beach was due to low hatching success resulting from a rise in seawater levels, owing to beach erosion, and the subsequent inundation of most nests. The temperatures of four nests and sand at different distances from the sea were measured with electronic temperature loggers, which recorded mean nest temperatures of 28.8-30.7°C, with the mean temperature in the middle third of the incubation period from 28.5 to 31.0°C. The mean temperatures, incubation periods, temperature during the middle third of the incubation period, and percentage of hatchling sexes were evaluated with respect to sand and nest temperatures. The results showed a female-dominated sex ratio, which was probably the result of predation of nests far from the sea and the seawater inundation of nests close to the sea, as the sand temperature was different at sites close and far from the sea.Résumé : Durant la période de nidification en 2000 et en 2001 sur la plage de Patara, nous avons déterminé les émer-gences totales des caouanes (Caretta caretta), les émergences des tortues loin des nids, la répartition des nids sur la plage, ainsi que les distances des nids à la mer. Les périodes principales de nidification des tortues marines (Cheloniidae) ont lieu en juin et en juillet. La majorité des tortues qui ont émergé étaient des caouanes; seules deux émergen-ces de tortues vertes (Chelonia mydas) ont été observées. La petite taille de la population nidificatrice (52 et 53 nids respectivement en 2000 et 2001) de tortues marines sur la plage de Patara semble s'expliquer par le faible succès de l'éclosion à cause de la montée du niveau de la mer provoquée par l'érosion de la plage et à cause de l'inondation subséquente de la plupart des nids. La température moyenne du sable et celle de quatre nids situés à des distances différentes de la mer, mesurées à l'aide de thermomètres électroniques enregistreurs, varient de 28,8 à 30,7°C et la température moyenne du tiers médian de la période d'incubation, de 28,5 à 31,0°C. Les températures moyennes, la durée des périodes d'incubation, les températures durant le tiers médian de la période d'incubation et la proportion des mâles et des femelles chez les nouveau-nés ont été évaluées en fonction des températures du sable et des nids. Les rapports mâles:femelles sont dominés par les femelles. Ces rapports sont sans doute affectés par la prédation des nids aux sites éloignés de la mer et par l'inondation des nids par l'eau de mer aux sites proches de la mer, puisque les températures du sa...
In this research, two bufonid toad species (Bufo bufo and Bufo (Pseudepidalea) viridis) were collected in Denizli province (Inner-west Anatolia Region -the eastern part of Aegean Region) Turkey between 2006 and 2009 and examined first time for helminths. Of 6 Bufo bufo, 5 (97.87 %) were infected with one or more helminths, of 47 Bufo viridis 46 (87.91 %) were infected with one or more helminths. The helminth fauna of Bufo bufo included 5 species of which were 4 species of nematodes (Rhabdias bufonis, Oswadocruzia filiformis, Cosmocerca ornata, and Oxysomatium brevicaudatum), and 1 species of acanthocephalan (Acanthocephalus ranae). The helminth fauna of Bufo (Pseudepidalea) viridis comprised 7 species with 1 species of monogenean (Polystoma viridis), 1 species of cestoda (Nematotaenia dispar), and 5 species of nematodes (R. bufonis, O. filiformis, C. ornata, C. commutata, and O. brevicaudatum). R. bufonis, O. filiformis, C. ornata, and O. brevicaudatum were observed in both bufonid toads.
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