In young individuals diagnosed with maxillary deficiency treated with reverse headgear, the nasopharyngeal airway dimensions were improved after the treatment, and favorable effects of the treatment remained over the posttreatment period of 4 years.

The purpose of this study was to determine the dental and skeletal effects of facemask therapy, and to evaluate the effect of age on treatment response. The material consisted of lateral cephalometric radiographs of 34 subjects with Class III malocclusions treated with a Delaire type facemask. Two groups of 17 patients each were formed: an early (six girls, 11 boys) and a late treatment group (eight girls, nine boys). At the beginning of treatment, the mean ages were 9 years 8 months for the early treatment group and 12 years 6 months for the late treatment group. The average treatment time was 7 months for both groups. A control group consisting of 17 children with a mean age of 9 years 5 months was formed that matched only the early treatment group according to age, and sagittal dental and skeletal relationships. To differentiate the orthodontic and total effects of the Delaire type facemask, superimpositions were made. In both treatment groups forward displacement of maxilla and an increase in overjet were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). Evaluation of total superimpositions showed that there was a significant displacement of maxillary molars and incisors (P < 0.05, early treatment group; P < 0.01, late treatment group), while no significant change was observed in local superimpositions. Changes in overjet and SNB in the early treatment group showed a significant difference compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The increase in Co-A and the decreases in the maxillo-mandibular differential and Wits' appraisal showed significant differences compared with the control group (P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed in skeletal and dental antero-posterior changes between the treatment groups.

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tooth agenesis on dentofacial structures according to the Iocation of the absent teeth. A total of 74 subjects were classified to three main groups and four subgroups according to the Iocation of the absent teeth. Thirteen subjects without tooth agenesis were selected as the control group. AII subjects were evaluated cephalometrically. As a result it can be concluded that tooth agenesis has little effect on dentofacial structures. Although there were statistically significant differences between groups, generally mean values were within the normal range.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment with steel-ligated conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets on halitosis and periodontal health. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients, at the permanent dentition stage aged 12 to 18 years, who had Angle Class I malocclusion with mild-to-moderate crowding were randomly selected. Inclusion criteria were nonsmokers, without systematic disease, and no use of antibiotics and oral mouth rinses during the 2-month period before the study. The patients were subdivided into three groups randomly: the group treated with conventional brackets (group 1, n 5 20) ligated with steel ligature wires, the group treated with self-ligating brackets (group 2, n 5 20), and the control group (group 3, n 5 20). The periodontal records were obtained 1 week before bonding (T1), immediately before bonding (T2), 1 week after bonding (T3), 4 weeks after bonding (T4), and 8 weeks after bonding (T5). Measurements of the control group were repeated within the same periods. The volatile sulfur components determining halitosis were measured with the Halimeter at T2, T3, T4, and T5. A twoway repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the groups statistically. Results: No statistically significant group 3 time interactions were found for plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and halitosis, which means three independent groups change like each other by time. The risk of tongue coating index (TCI) being 2 was 10.2 times higher at T1 than at T5 (P , .001). Therefore, the probability of higher TCI was decreased by time in all groups. Conclusions: The self-ligating brackets do not have an advantage over conventional brackets with respect to periodontal status and halitosis. (Angle Orthod. 2015;85:468-473.)

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