Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn babies and account for up to 60% cases in term and 80% in preterm babies. Studies from different geographical areas should be done to know the causes of hyperbirubinemia properly so that a collective effort can be made to decrease the burden mortality and morbidity associated with it Objectives:To study the incidence and causes of neonatal jaundice in babies admitted in the hospital Methods: It was a hospital based observational study conducted in one of the busiest hospitals of Jorhat over a period of 12 months. Incidence and causes of neonatal jaundice in the babies born in the hospital during the study period were studied. Results: 710 newborns delivered during the study period out of which 439 (61.8%) newborns developed clinical jaundice. 290 (66%) newborns had physiological jaundice and the rest 149 (34%) developed pathological jaundice. Among the 149 babies developing pathological jaundice 87(58.3%) were males and 62(41.6%) were females. Most common cause was ABO incompability(31%) of cases, second was breast feeding jaundice (28%) , third was prematurity (12%) .Other causes were cephalohematoma(1.3%), Rh incompatibility(3.3%) , G6PD deciency(8%), sepsis(4.7%) and in 11.4% babies no denite cause was found. Conclusion: Adequate feeding, preventing premature deliveries, good monitoring of babies with ABO incompability, prematurity, Rh incompability, G6PD deciency can decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with neonatal jaundice.
Background: Urinary tract infection(UTI) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children, especially complicated UTI. In this study we have tried to see the correlation of Ultrasound abdomen ndings with age of the culture positive UTI patients. Objectives: to look at the age and sex distribution of patients with culture positive UTI and to look for the correlation of ultrasound abdomen ndings with the age of culture positive UTI patients Methods: It was a hospital based observational study conducted in one of the busiest hospitals of Jorhat over a period of 12 months. Urine culture reports of all patients were traced from the hospital laboratory data. Ultrasound abdomen was done in patients with positive urine culture report . Results: Total 206 urine samples were tested from suspected cases out of which 43(21%) were culture positive urinary tract infection. UTI was more in girls as compared to boys. The male : female ratio was found to be 3:1 in children less than 2 years and in children more than 2 years female outnumbered males(1:2 , 2:3 and 1:6 in children between the age group of 2 to 5 years, 6-9years and 10 to 14 years respectively). Cystitis(p=0.22) and hydronephrosis(0.27) had no signicant correlation with the age of the UTI patients whereas Pyelonephritis(p=0.03) had signicant correlation with age of UTI patients. All the patients who had pyelonephritis were less than 5 years of age. Conclusion: UTI is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children and younger children are more prone to complications. So a collective effort should be made to diagnose such patients earlier and treat them adequately with judicious use of antibiotics.
Background:Neonatal sepsis is the leading cause of newborn mortality and morbidity worldwide. The spectrum of microorganisms shows wide variation in different regions of the world and also in different hospitals of the same region. In this study we have tried to find out the common bacterial organisms causing neonatal sepsis in our region and their antibiotic susceptibility. Method: It is a hospital based observational study conducted in one of the busiest hospitals of Jorhat over a period of 18 months. Blood culture reports of all patients were traced from the hospital laboratory data. Positive culture reports for bacterial sepsis were studied and analysed statistically. Result:Total 602 blood cultures were performed during the study period out of which 46(7.6%) were bacterial culture positive. Twenty-seven(59%) were Early Onset sepsis and 19(41%) were Late onset sepsis. Male-female ratio was 1.7:1. Most common organism causing bacterial sepsis was Klebsiella Pneumoniae(28%), second was Acinetobacter baumani(22%), third was Staphylococcus aureus (20%), followed by Enterococcus (17%), E coli (9%) and finally CoNS(4%). Twenty-seven(59%) were gram positive organisms (67% caused EONS and 33% caused LONS)and 19(41%) were Gram Negative(58% caused EONS and 42% caused LONS). Levofloxacin had highest sensitivity to all the microorganisms. Conclusion:Neonatal sepsis can be treated with judicious use of antibiotics by studying the common microbial strains in the region and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Antibiotic stewardship should be stressed upon in every institution to protect patients from harm caused by unnecessary antibiotic use and combat the most dangerous threat of antibiotic resistance to the world.
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