Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) that
perform more efficiently under artificial indoor lighting conditions
than they do under sunlight are attracting growing interest as they
can potentially serve as ambient energy harvesters for powering low-power
electronics and portable devices for the Internet of Things. Herein,
solution-processed small-molecule OPVs are demonstrated to exhibit
high power conversion efficiencies exceeding 16% under white LED illumination,
delivering high output power densities of up to 12.4 and 65.3 μW
cm–2 at 200 and 1000 lx, respectively. Increasing
the open-circuit voltage (V
oc) of OPVs
is a critical factor for achieving higher indoor photovoltaic performance.
Toward real applications, this small-molecule OPV system is adopted
to fabricate six series-connected modules with an active area of ∼10
cm2 that are capable of generating a high output power
surpassing 100 μW and a high V
oc of over 4.2 V even under dimly lit indoor conditions of 200 lx.
These results indicate that OPVs are promising as indoor electric
power sources for self-sustainable electronic devices.
The ability of solution-processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) based on new small-molecule semiconductors, 1DTP-ID and 2DTP-ID, for indoor dim-light energy harvesting is reported.
A simple and versatile solution-processing method based on molecular self-assembly is used to fabricate organic single crystal microwires of a low bandgap quinoidal oligothiophene derivative. Individual single crystal microwire transistors present well-balanced ambipolar behaviour with hole and electron mobilities as high as 0.4 and 0.5 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), respectively.
Solution-processed organic solar cells (OSCs) based on narrow-band gap small molecules hold great promise as next-generation energy-converting devices. In this paper, we focus on a family of A-π-D-π-A-type small molecules, namely, BDT- nT-ID ( n = 1-4) oligomers, consisting of benzo[1,2- b:4,5- b']dithiophene (BDT) as the central electron-donating (D) core, 1,3-indandione (ID) as the terminal electron-accepting (A) units, and two regioregular oligo(3-hexylthiophene)s ( nT) with different numbers of thiophene rings as the π-bridging units, and elucidate their structure-property-function relationships. The effects of the length of the π-bridging nT units on the optical absorption, thermal behavior, morphology, hole mobility, and OSC performance were systematically investigated. All oligomers exhibited broad and intense visible photoabsorption in the 400-700 nm range. The photovoltaic performances of bulk heterojunction OSCs based on BDT- nT-IDs as donors and a fullerene derivative as an acceptor were studied. Among these oligomers, BDT-2T-ID, incorporating bithiophene as the π-bridging units, showed better photovoltaic performance with a maximum power conversion efficiency as high as 6.9% under AM 1.5G illumination without using solvent additives or postdeposition treatments. These favorable properties originated from the well-developed interpenetrating network morphology of BDT-2T-ID, with larger domain sizes in the photoactive layer. Even though all oligomers have the same A-D-A main backbone, structural modulation of the π-bridging nT length was found to impact their self-organization and nanostructure formation in the solid state, as well as the corresponding OSC device performance.
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