Background Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy carries potential threat to fetal well being. Natural conversion of vitamin D in the skin can be facilitated by direct ultra violet B (UVB) radiation, but the effect is reduced by wearing umbrellas, clothes, or sunblock cream. Muslim women wear hijab that allows only face and hands to be seen. With increasing proportion of muslim women wearing hijab and the lack of vitamin D fortification and fish consumption in Indonesia, it poses a problem for vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women. This study aimed at finding the best timing of UVB exposure and the duration of exposure which can be suggested to prevent vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women, for those wearing hijab or not. Methods This study recruited 304 pregnant women in the first trimester, 75–76 women from 4 cities of the most populated province, West Java, Indonesia which represented 70–80% percent of pregnancy per year. A 3-day notes on duration, time and type of outdoor activity and the clothing wore by the women were collected. UVB intensity radiation were obtained. Calculation on body surface area exposed to direct UVB radiation and UVB radiation intensity were done. Measurement of vitamin D level in sera were done on the same week. Results The median of maternal sera vitamin D level was 13.6 ng/mL and the mean exposed area was around 0.48 m2 or 18.59% of total body surface area. Radiation intensity reached its peak around 10.00 and 13.00, but the mean duration of exposure to UVB during this window was lower than expected. Significant correlation was found between maternal sera vitamin D level and exposed body surface area (r = 0.36, p < 0.002) or percentage of exposed body surface (r = 0.39, p < 0.001) and radiation intensity (r = 0.15, p = 0.029). Further analysis showed that duration of exposure to UVB should be longer for pregnant women wearing hijab as compared to women without hijab. Conclusion This study suggested that the best timing to get UVB exposure was between 10.00–13.00, with longer duration for women wearing hijab (64.5 vs 37.5 min) of continuous exposure per day. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-019-2306-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Studies had shown that iron-cycling was disturbed by inflammatory process through the role of hepcidin. Pregnancy is characterized by shifts of interleukin. Our objective was to determine if 25(OH) vitamin D (colecalciferol) status was associated with ferritin, anemia, and its changes during pregnancy. Method. A cohort study was done in 4 cities in West Java, Indonesia, beginning in July 2016. Subjects were followed up until third trimester. Examinations included were maternal ferritin, colecalciferol, and haemoglobin level. Result. 191 (95.5%) subjects had low colecalciferol, and 151 (75.5%) among them were at deficient state. Anemia is found in 15 (7.5%) subjects, much lower than previous report. Proportion of anemia increased by trimester among women with colecalciferol deficiency. Ferritin status and prepregnancy body mass index in the first trimester were correlated with anemia (r = 0.147, p = 0.038 and r = −0.56, p = 0.03). Anemia in the second trimester was strongly correlated with anemia in the third trimester (r = 0.676, p < 0.01). Conclusion. Our study showed that the state of colecalciferol was not associated with either ferritin state or anemia, but proportion of anemia tends to increase by trimester in the colecalciferol deficient subjects.
AbstrakLatar Belakang: Menopause merupakan hal yang fisiologis bagi setiap wanita. Wanita yang menghadapi menopause akan mengalami beberapa keluhan baik secara fisik maupun psikis. Gejala yang dialami wanita pada masa menjelang menopause menyebabkan ketidaksiapan ibu tentang perubahan fisik maupun psikis. Untuk mengurangi hal tersebut wanita harus mempersiapkan diri baik secara fisik maupun psikis dalam menghadapi menopause.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan ibu tentang persiapan fisik dan psikis memasuki masa menopause di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Soreang.Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengana pendekatan cross sectional dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Soreang. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 80 orang ibu yang berusia 40 – 45 tahun dengan pengambilan sample menggunakan teknik multistage random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pendidikan SLTA sebanyak (46,3%), jumlah paritas 1 – 2 anak sebanyak (56,3%) dan 3 atau lebih sebanyak (43,8%), sedangkan sebagian besar tinggal bersama suami dan anak sebanyak 68 responden (85%) sedangkan gambaran pengetahuan tentang persiapan fisik dan persiapan psikis memasuki masa menopause masih dikatakan cukup yaitu sebesar (67,5%) pengetahuan persiapan fisik dan (65%) pengetahuan persiapan psikis. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diharapkan peran aktif dari petugas kesehatan dapat memberikan penyuluhan, memberikan informasi persiapan fisik dan psikis menopause serta ibu aktif dalam kegiatan poswindu agar meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang persiapan fisik dan psikis menopauseKesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan ibu di wilayah kerja Puskemas Soreang memiliki pengetahuan persiapan fisik dan psikis menopause dalam kategori cukup.Kata kunci: Pengetahuan; Persiapan Fisik dan Psikis; Menopause. AbstractBackground: Menopause is physiological for women. Women who face menopause will experience both physical and psychological complaints. The symptoms experienced by women in the days leading up to the menopause causing women to feel unprepared about the physical and psychological changes of menopause. To reduce this, women should prepare themselves physically and psychologically in dealing with menopause.Objective: This study aimed to determine the description of mother's knowledge about physical and psychological preparation entering the menopause period in the working area of Soreang Community Health Center.Methods: This research was descriptive research with cross sectional approach. The samples of this research were 80 people aged 40 - 45 years by using Cluster Sampling technique. The instrument used was questionnaire.Results: The results of this study indicated that the highest percentage of education level of respondents was senior high school level (46.3%), the number of parity is not much different from 1 to 2 children (56.3%) and 3 or more (43.8%). The highest percetage of the residence type was living together with husband and child (85%). The description of knowledge is sufficiently categorized (67.5%) of physical knowledge and (65%) knowledge of psychological preparation. In relation to the results of this study, the active role of health officials was expected to be able to provide counseling or provide information about the physical and psychological preparation of menopause. On the onther hand, mothers who were active in poswindu was expected to further improve the knowledge about menopause preparation.Conclusions: It can be concluded that mothers in the Soreang Community Health Center work area have knowledge of menopausal physical and psychological preparation in sufficient categories.Keywords : Knowledge; Physical and Psychological Preparation; Menopause
Pembinaan tumbuh kembang anak secara komprehensif dan berkualitas diselenggarakan melalui kegiatan Stimulasi, Deteksi dan Intervensi Dini Tumbuh Kembang (SDIDTK). Program SDIDTK adalah program pokok Puskesmas DTP Kota Bandung yang dilaksanakan oleh tenaga kesehatan khususnya oleh bidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor predisposisi bidan dalam pelaksanaan program SDIDTK. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh bidan yang bekerja di Puskesmas DTP Kota Bandung, berjumlah 75 bidan. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer diperoleh dari kuesioner yang diberikan kepada bidan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli - Agustus 2016. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bidan berumur 26-30 tahun 37 orang (49,3%), berpendidikan D3 66 orang (88,0%), lama bekerja >5 tahun 37 orang (49,3%), pernah pelatihan 15 orang (20,0%) dan lama pelatihan <1 tahun,1-2 tahun, >3 tahun masing-masing 5 orang (6,7%). Gambaran bidan yang memiliki pengetahuan cukup 39 orang (52,0%) dan memiliki sikap positif 39 orang (52,0%) Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan dan sikap bidan yang merupakan faktor predisposisi dalam pelaksanaan program SDIDTK dapat dikatakan masih dalam kategori cukup. Pelatihan SDIDTK, seminar atau workshop mengenai pentingnya pemantauan tumbuh kembang anak sangat disarankan dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan bidan mengenai SDIDTK.Kata Kunci : Bidan, Faktor Predisposisi, SDIDTK
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