Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) hosting various bacteria is among the most significant insect pest causing economic losses in agricultural production. A study was conducted to determine the bacterial flora of B. tabaci and to identify the efficiency of these bacteria against B. tabaci. Samples were collected from sesame and melon plants in Mersin and Adana Provinces of Turkey in 2014. Nine bacterial strains were identified by morphological, MALDI-TOF MS and molecular identification methods to species level. Bacillus sp., Methylobacterium sp., Microbacterium sp., Serratia marcescens and Sphingomonas sp. were identified from the samples collected from sesame and Acinetobacter lwoffii, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus hominis and Staphylococcus warneri were identified from the samples collected from melon. To determine biological efficiency against B. tabaci adult (biotype B), whiteflies were fed with insect food as control (sucrose + water), insecticidal control (acetamiprid) and bacterial suspensions. The entomopathogenic bacteria S. marcescens isolated from B. tabaci for the first time in this study yielded an efficiency of 72% against adult whitefly. However, the other strains had efficiencies below 25%. It was concluded, given the efficiency of S. marcescens, that further research should be conducted on the pathology of entomopathogenic bacteria in pest insects.
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), domateste tohum kökenli bakteriyel kanser ve solgunluk hastalığına neden olur. Bu hastalık tüm dünyada seralarda ve tarlada yetiştirilen domateslerde ciddi kayıplar oluşturmaktadır. Hastalığa karşı etkin bir mücadele yöntemi bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amaçlarından biri ülkemizde kullanılan 41 adet ticari domates tohumlarında patojen Cmm varlığının fidede belirti izleme, tohum çalkalama suyundan King B ve SCM besi yerlerine ekim ile bakteri izolasyonu yapılarak türe spesifik ELISA ve BIO-PCR yöntemleriyle tespit etmektir. Diğer amacı ise, tohum kökenli inokulumu yok edebilecek veya azaltabilecek farklı tohum uygulamalarının etkisini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, yapay olarak patojenle bulaşık domates tohumlarına K2C kodlu bölgesel bir antagonist bakteri, Serenade, ISR 2000, sodyum hipoklorit, üzüm sirkesi, elma sirkesi, sıcak su ve laktik asit uygulanmıştır. Tohum çalkalama suyundan yapılan ELISA testlerinde bir adet tohum partisinde (tohum partisi 13) ve SCM besi yerinde gelişen bakterilerin toplanmasıyla yapılan ELISA testlerinde iki farklı tohum partisinde (tohum partisi 6 ve 13) Cmm bulaşıklığı saptanmıştır. Yapılan çeşitli tohum uygulamaları, tohumdaki bakteri yoğunluğunu %77-100, bulaşık tohum sayısını % 31-100 oranında azaltmıştır. Sodyum hipoklorit, üzüm sirkesi, elma sirkesi, sıcak su ve laktik asit uygulamaları başarılı tohum uygulamaları olarak saptanmıştır. Çalışma ile, konvansiyonel ve organik tarım yetiştiriciliğinde patojene karşı üzüm ve/veya elma sirkesi tohum uygulamalarının kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Development and survival of Bemisia tabaci reared on Solanum nigrum under field conditions
SummaryClimate change is an important driver of changes in the abundance and distribution of insect pests. Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are important plant pests and virus vectors in many agricultural systems worldwide. Among them, the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is considered the most devastating pest of various crops worldwide. As a part of a multinational effort to develop a climatic model that will predict B. tabaci population outbreaks, the developmental time and survival rate of B. tabaci were evaluated under field conditions in Adana, Turkey in autumn 2013 and early summer in 2014. The temperature and humidity were measured hourly during the experiments. Results indicated that temperature has significant effects on immature life stages development and mortality of B. tabaci, and an inverse relationship between development time and temperature was observed. The total preadult developmental time of B. tabaci declined with increasing temperature, and was 24.6 and 21.8 days at average field temperatures of 21.4°C and 24.6°C in autumn and early summer, respectively. Higher total preadult mortality rate occurred in early summer 2014 due to considerably higher larval mortality. These results will be used for the development of new tools for combating the pest as a part of an IPM program.
Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)'nin biyolojik mücadelesinde bazı yerel fungus izolatlarının entomopatojenik potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi 1 Şebnem TİRENG KARUT 2 , Yeşim AYSAN 3 Determination of the entomopathogenic potential of some Turkish fungal isolates in the control of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.
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