Fluctuations of exchange rate against Rupiah to U.S Dollar which unstable are influenced the domestic and foreign’s economicconditions. Macroeconomic conditions in the two countries both Indonesia and United States can make the exchange ratedepreciate or appreciate. The purpose of this research is to acknowledge the difference impact macro variables in both countriesIndonesia and the United States against the value on rupiah to US Dollar. Dynamic model is applied in this research that isPartial Adjustment Model (PAM). This model is considered to existing inertia variable that is expectation of exchange rateinfluence by the value of exchange rate that occurred previously. There are two analysis is descriptive analysis and causalanalysis. Causal is using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. OLS estimation of PAM shows all independent variable havepositive impact to the exchange rate expectation besides difference Export variable, in addition the difference of the interest ratevariable can’t influence the exchange rate significantly on important of the exchange rate expectation. In conclusion, theinterest rate policy is considered to influence the rupiah exchange rate if two countries do not change the interest ratesimultaneously and other macro policy variables must bring into line.

This study investigated PPP in 129 low-income and developing countries in Asia, Europe, Africa, And South America during the period between 1990 to 2020 with panel analysis. In this study, we used statistics and regression coefficients using the Panel Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) method, We used Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression to triangulate the POLS. We found that governments of low-income and developing countries need increased savings in GDP. The finding of a positive relationship between the share of total investment and the number of PPP projects indicates a lack of infrastructure in low-income and developing countries. The need for additional capital in developing countries encourages low-income and developing countries to encourage PPPs.

Public health centers are the spearhead in the implementation of health services in Indonesia. Public health centers are the first level facilities that seek promotive and preventive services to achieve health status. The provision of health services must be supported by adequate health personnel to support the functioning of the community health center. In accordance with its function, public health centers must have at least five promotive and preventive personnel, namely laboratory, pharmaceutical, nutrition, public health, and sanitation analysts. The availability of health human resources (HRH) for public health centers, especially laboratory analysts, nutrition, public health, and sanitation, is still not evenly distributed in the Jember district health centers. HRK planning in Jember Regency is still focused on medical personnel. This research is an exploratory research with a qualitative approach that aims to determine the HRH planning process, especially the promotive and preventive public health centers. The informants in this study were the head of the public health center administration as part of staffing and additional informants, namely analysts, nutrition, public health, and sanitation staff. Based on the results of the study, public health centers still need personnel such as analysts, nutrition, and sanitation. The results of interviews with informants indicated that the community health center did not have a special HRH planning team. In the planning process, the community health center only carried out an analysis of the HRH needs and then submitted them to the Health Office which had an important role in the planning process to meet the HRH needs of the community health center. As an executor, the community health center can only accept the applicable policies. Public health centers cannot do their own recruits because of budget constraints. This is one of the obstacles that hinders community health centers in HRH planning. Another obstacle in the planning process is waiting for a decision from the Health Office to meet HRH needs and the use of forecasting methods that are not yet clear. This causes, there is no common perception among policy makers. Keyword: Public health center, HRH planning, preventive and promotive.

The global economic crisis in 2008 shocked and pressured Indonesian macroeconomic and financial system stability. The decline in macroeconomic stability has an impact on banking policy in lending. Most banks in the world respond to the crisis by doing credit rationing, but how about Islamic bank response toward this condition in Indonesia? Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and macroeconomic variables on the amount of Islamic banking financing in Indonesia. The method used in this study is the SVAR (Structural Vector Auto Regression) analysis method. The results showed that inflation, capital, and CAR variables had a significant effect on Islamic bank’s financing amount. In contrast, GDP had no significant impact on Islamic bank’s financing amount which means that Islamic banking in Indonesia was not implemented pro-cyclical based lending policy.

This study aims to determine and compare the financial stability of banks during the crisis which is still being debated by taking the period before and after the covid 19 pandemics. This study uses a sample of all transactions of conventional banks and Islamic banks throughout Indonesia that are recorded by the Indonesian financial services authority. With a population of all conventional financial institutions and Islamic financial institutions, both registered and unregistered by Indonesian financial services authorities throughout Indonesia. The type of data in this study is secondary data sourced from the Indonesian financial services authority. To find out and compare the performance of conventional banks with Islamic banks and the resilience of conventional banks and Islamic banks to shocks, an analysis of the financial behavior of data in commercial banks was carried out using Threshold Autoregressive. We find that Islamic banks tend to be more stable in facing financial challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic compared to conventional banks. The performance of conventional banks was very good in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, when the coronavirus pandemic began to be reported, there was a huge decline in performance. Conventional bank recovery efforts have not been able to return to the original track. Conventional bank performance is slowing down and it tends to be difficult to return to its original performance value (before the COVID-19 outbreak). However, from the graph of performance forecasting between Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Banks, it can be seen that there is a difference in performance stability between Islamic Commercial Banks and Conventional Banks facing the COVID-19 pandemic.