a) (b) (c) Fig. 1: Our super-resolution network can upscale (a) an input sampling of isosurface normals and depths at low resolution (i.e., 320x240), to (b) a high-resolution normal and depth map (i.e., 1280x960) with ambient occlusion. For ease of interpretation, only the shaded output is shown. (c) The ground truth is rendered at 1280x960. Samples are from a 1024 3 grid, ground truth renders at 0.16 and 18.6 secs w/ and w/o ambient occlusion, super-resolution takes 0.07 sec Abstract-Rendering an accurate image of an isosurface in a volumetric field typically requires large numbers of data samples. Reducing the number of required samples lies at the core of research in volume rendering. With the advent of deep learning networks, a number of architectures have been proposed recently to infer missing samples in multi-dimensional fields, for applications such as image super-resolution and scan completion.In this paper, we investigate the use of such architectures for learning the upscaling of a low-resolution sampling of an isosurface to a higher resolution, with high fidelity reconstruction of spatial detail and shading. We introduce a fully convolutional neural network, to learn a latent representation generating a smooth, edge-aware normal field and ambient occlusions from a low-resolution normal and depth field. By adding a frame-to-frame motion loss into the learning stage, the upscaling can consider temporal variations and achieves improved frame-to-frame coherence. We demonstrate the quality of the network for isosurfaces which were never seen during training, and discuss remote and in-situ visualization as well as focus+context visualization as potential applications.

Terphenyltin and terphenylgermanium trihydrides were deprotonated in reaction with strong bases, such as LiMe, LDA, or KBn. In the solid state, the Li salts of the germate anion 4 and 4a exhibit a Li–Ge contact. In the Li salt of the dihydridostannate anion 6a, the Li cation is not coordinated at the tin atom instead an interaction of the Li cation with the hydride substituents was found. Evidenced by 1H–7Li-HOESY NMR spectroscopy the Li-salt of the deprotonated tin hydride 6a exhibits in toluene solution a contact between Li cation and hydride substituents, whereas in the 1H–7Li-HOESY NMR spectrum of the homologous germate salt 4a, no crosspeak between hydride and Li signals was found. The organodihydridogermate and -stannate react as nucleophiles with low-valent Group 14 electrophiles. Thus, three compounds were synthesized: Ar–Ë′–EH2–Ar (E′, E = Sn, Ge; Pb, Ge; Pb, Sn; Ar = Ar′, Ar*). Following an alternative synthesis Ar′SnH2PbAr* was synthesized in reaction between [(Ar*PbH)2] and [(Ar′SnH)4] generated in situ. In reaction between low-valent organotin hydride [(Ar*SnH)2] and organdihydridostannate [Ar*SnH2]− formation of distannate [Ar*2Sn2H3]− was found.

2D materials have proved their potential in nearly every area of material science and chemistry. Unfortunately, large‐scale production of nanosheets is not straightforward. Current methods suffer from low yield, uncontrollable defects, and requires a high‐energy input. There is always a tradeoff between high quality and high yield. In this review, the alternative is highlighted to existing methods of 2D nanosheet production – 1D dissolution, historically known as osmotic swelling. As a thermodynamically driven, and therefore spontaneous, process it provides numerous benefits such as high aspect ratio and defect‐free nanosheets with a quantitative yield. In this review, the theory behind this process is discussed, compare it with the existing methods, and highlight the key features that allow to extend 1D dissolution to different charged layered materials. Moreover, the applications in which nanosheets obtained by 1D dissolution proved to be advantageous due to their unique, processing‐related features are discussed.

NHC adducts of the stannylene Trip2 Sn (Trip=2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) were reacted with zero-valent Ni, Pd, and Pt precursor complexes to cleanly yield the respective metal complexes featuring a three-membered ring moiety Sn-Sn-M along with carbene transfer onto the metal and complete substitution of the starting ligands. Thus the easily accessible NHC adducts to stannylenes are shown to be valuable precursors for transition-metal complexes with an unexpected SnSn bond. The complexes have been studied by X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy as well as DFT calculations. The compounds featuring the structural motif of a distannametallacycle comprised of a [(NHC)2 M(0) ] fragment and Sn2 Trip4 represent rare higher congeners of the well-known olefin complexes. DFT calculations indicate the presence of a π-type Sn-Sn interaction in these first examples for acyclic distannenes symmetrically coordinating to a zero-valent transition metal.