Covering: up to April 2016Aspergillus and Penicillium are fungal species known to produce a high diversity of secondary metabolites, many of them endowed with interesting bioactivity. The small but steadily growing family of the naturally occurring 5-hydroxy-4-aryl-quinolin-2(1H)-one alkaloids and closely related compounds, which represent the results of various research projects that spanned over 20 years and involved scientists from different continents, are covered here. Emphasis is placed on the isolation and chemical structures of the different compounds, together with their source microorganisms, environmental conditions, country or region of origin, and relevant biological activities. In addition, stereochemical aspects, as well as the proposed biosynthetic pathways for the different members, and the incipient synthetic efforts towards some of the compounds or their key intermediates, are discussed in detail.
Naturally-occurring angular tricyclic benzofuran/isobenzofuran derivatives of fungal origin and related compounds, in which two heterocyclic rings are fused to a central benzenoid moiety, are covered. Emphasis is placed on the structure of the compounds, together with their relevant biological activities, source microorganisms, country or region of origin and environmental conditions. In addition, proposed biosynthetic pathways, as well as the total syntheses of some of the compounds, including those that lead to structural revision or to correct stereochemical assignments, and related synthetic efforts, are discussed in detail.
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