The extract of S. cumini has acaricidal acivity against T. urticae, and the ethanol extract is the most efficient.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) still poses a considerable problem worldwide. In the current study, hepatitis A virus was recovered from wastewater samples collected from three wastewater treatment plants over one year. Using RT-PCR, HAV was detected in 43 out of 68 samples (63.2%) representing both inlet and outlet. Eleven positive samples were subjected to sequencing targeting the VP1-2A junction region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all samples belonged to subgenotype IB with few substitutions at the amino acid level. The complete sequence of one isolate (HAV/Egy/BI-11/2015) showed that the similarity at the amino acid level was not reflected at the nucleotide level. However, the deduced amino acid sequence derived from the complete nucleotide sequence showed distinct substitutions in the 2B, 2C, and 3A regions. Recombination analysis revealed a recombination event between X75215 (subgenotype IA) and AF268396 (subgenotype IB) involving a portion of the 2B nonstructural protein coding region (nucleotides 3757-3868) assuming the herein characterized sequence an actual recombinant. Despite the role of recombination in picornaviruses evolution, its involvement in HAV evolution has rarely been reported, and this may be due to the limited available complete HAV sequences. To our knowledge, this represents the first characterized complete sequence of an Egyptian isolate and the described recombination event provides an important update on the circulating HAV strains in Egypt.
CD was positive in 11 out of 25 patients (44%), H. pylori infection in 12 out of 25 patients (48%), while GER was diagnosed in 11 out of 25 patients (44%). Patients with CD had age of presentation < or =2 years in two patients (18.2%) while the remaining nine patients (81.8%) had age of presentation >2 years and it was statistically significant (p = 0.05*). Also patients with H. pylori had age of presentation < or =4 years in five patients (41.7%) and the remaining seven patients (81.8%) had age of presentation >4 years and it was statistically significant (p = 0.03*). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk factors for severity of anemia were age of patients and duration of anemia. On the other hand, other parameters have no significant influence on the severity of anemia. Also risk factors of short stature were age of presentation of anemia, degree of anemia and H. pylori infection. AGA had the highest sensitivity (100%) followed by antiendomysium antibody (81.8%) while the tTG antibody had the highest specificity (85.7%) for diagnosis of CD. UBT and histopathology had the highest sensitivity (100%) for diagnosis of H. pylori while rapid urease test, culture, H. pylori stool antigen and anti-H. pylori IgG antibody had the highest specificity (100%). In conclusion, refractory IDA may be due to clinically unapparent H. pylori gastritis and CD. CD is one of the most common causes of intestinal malabsorption during childhood which leads to impairment of iron absorption. Apart from offering them gluten-free diet rich in iron, early detection and treatment of IDA and prophylactic iron and folic acid supplementation will go a long way to optimize their mental and psychological functions. Eradication of H. pylori infection with concomitant iron therapy should correct the anemia.
The essential oil isolated by hydro-distillation from Cupressus sempervirens (Cypress) leaves was analysed by GC-MS and tested for antioxidant and in vitro as well as in vivo anticancer activities. In addition, the toxicity effect of the essential oil was studied using normal Swiss mice. Eighteen components of Cypress essential oil were identified and the main essential oil components were α-pinene (29.21%), δ3-carene (18.92%), α-cedrol (12.25%), α-terpinolene (7.66%) and limonene (5.50%). Cupressus sempervirens essential oil was able to reduce the stable, purple-colored radical DPPH into yellow-colored DPPH reaching 50% of reduction with IC50 value = 290.09 μg mL-1. The in vitro anticancer activity of the essential oil was studied against two human promyelocytic leukemia cell lines (HL-60 and NB4) and experimental animals model cancer cell line (EACC). Cypress essential oil exerted the highest cytotoxic activity with a LC50 of 333.79 µg mL-1 against NB4 followed by HL-60 and EACC cell lines (LC50 of 365.41, and 372.43 µg mL-1, respectively). Regarding in vivo anticancer study, pre-initiation treatment with the essential oil was more effective than initiation and post-initiation treatments respectively on the tumor (EACC) transplanted female mice (increase lifespan (%), decrease total EACC number and increase dead cells). In toxicity study, serum urea, transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase were increased. The results obtained from this study showed that the Cypress essential oil possesses antioxidant and anticancer properties, taking into consideration its mild toxicity.
162in erythrocytes and plasma glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were examined. A hypercholesterolemia-induced diet manifested in the elevation of total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C and MDA levels, ALT, AST, LDH activities and the depletion of GSH and enzymic antioxidants. The supplementation of a hypercholesterolemia-induced diet with bitter and sweet lupin seeds significantly lowered the plasma levels of TL, TC, TG and LDL-C. ALT, AST and LDH activities slightly decreased in treated groups compared with the hypercholesterolemic group (HC). Furthermore, the content of GSH significantly increased while MDA significantly decreased in treated groups compared with the HC group. In addition, the bitter lupin seed group improved enzymic antioxidants compared with the HC group. In general, the results indicated that the bitter lupin seed supplements are better than those containing sweet lupin seeds. These results suggested that the hypocholesterolemic effect of bitter and sweet lupin seed supplements might be due to their abilities to lower the plasma cholesterol level as well as to slow down the lipid peroxidation process and to enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity. KEY-WORDS: Bitter lupin -Hypercholesterolemia -Oxidative stress -Rats -Sweet lupin. INTRODUCTIONLegume seeds are an abundant source of proteins and, among them, lupin is one of the richest. Indeed, lupin seed deserves greater interest as a result of its chemical composition and increased availability in many countries in recent years. Lupin is a nonstarch leguminous seed with high protein content, almost as high as that of soybean (about 35% of the dry weight), relatively low oil content (Duranti et al., 2008) and a lack of antinutritional substances. The amount of antinutritional compounds found in other legumes, such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins and trypsin inhibitor, is minimal in lupin (Van Barneveld, 1999). Lupin cultivation is at least 2,000 years old and most likely began in Egypt or in the general Mediterranean region. The lupin plant, like other grain legumes (beans, peas, lentils, etc.) fixes atmospheric nitrogen, and produces seeds high in protein. There are over 300 species of the genus Lupinus (L.) (Putnam et al., 1989). Seeds of several species of lupins have been used as food for 3,000 years in the Mediterranean area (Gladstones, 1998). These bitter seeds had to be soaked in water RESUMEN Semillas de altramuces bajan la concentración de lípidos plasmáticos y normaliza los parámetros antioxidantes en ratas.Este estudio fue diseñado para evaluar semillas de altramuces dulces y amargas como agentes que bajan los lípidos y estudiar su efecto en la actividad antioxidante en ratas hipercolesterolémicas. El nivel de lípidos en plasma, malondialdehido (MDA) y glutatión reducido (GSH), así como la actividad transaminasa (ALT y AST), lactato deshidrogenasa (LHD) en plama, superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y glutatión peroxidasa (GPx) en eritrocitos, glutatión reductasa (GR)...
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