Introduction Importance of the themeTwenty-first century can be characterized by tremendous growth of urban areas along with associated process of globalization and unification of urban environments. Despite of the fact that cities occupy just 2% of the Earth's surface, their inhabitants use 75% of the planet's natural resources [1,2]. Due to changes in the habitats and the direct human disturbances, the urban development processes affect avifauna by various means, which might be positive or negative [3]. However, some bird species can thrive in human-modified landscapes, if the habitats retain ecologically important features [1,2,4]. There are ample of studies on relation of the landscapes with the abundance of animal populations especially where the anthropogenic activities are affecting the natural characteristics of the habitats [2,[5][6][7] and owing to the home ranges this is the case particularly for birds [4]. The birds are the most eye catching group of animals among all at any site or habitats whether wild or modified [8].India is facing a challenge of the ever increasing urban population due to lack of available services and resources resulting into the heap of garbage dump and sewer waste water [9]. The unpleasant odor of the decomposing wastes infuses everywhere. However, the garbage dumping and the waste water sites are being used by diverse species of invertebrates and vertebrates [10,11]. The surveys were undertaken by the authors to assess the avifaunal species of such sites from selected urban lands of Rajasthan and Punjab. The paper enlisted the species of birds recorded from investigation sites. AbstractUrbanization has lead to the challenge of waste disposal. The dumping sites are affecting the natural habitats in and around urban areas. The most eye catching group of animals, the birds had used these modified habitats. The reconnaissance surveys were conducted for eleven sites of the seven municipal areas Rajasthan and Punjab states of India to assess the avifaunal composition. The observations of bird species using modified habitats in form of solid and liquid (effluent/ sewage) waste sites were assessed. The dumping site at Mount Abu (Sirohi, Rajasthan) was no more in existence. Since authors were involved in studies since last two decades, therefore, past records were also included for such sites.It was observed that such sites of waste collection (solid and liquid) were harboring 100 species of birds with three additional species in past, accounting 103 bird species belonging to 37 families in 11 orders. Terrestrial species accounted 53 whereas wetland bird species were 37 species and 11 species were wetland dependent. Around 58 species were resident, 18 migrants and 27 species resident with local movements. Thirteen species of global interest were recorded from the sites. Three of these species were under critically endangered and were the past records. Two endangered species, one vulnerable species and seven near threatened species were recorded from the investigation sites. Sites of...
Introduction Importance of the themeThe human being is distinguished from an animal through his culture. The culture of humans is well defined in the customs, traditions and rituals prevalent in any society throughout the globe. None of the indigenous culture is away from the nature's rule. The eco-concepts are primary feature of every culture of the human society. There should not be second thought in stating that every nation of the world had rich traditions embedded in the ethics of protecting nature. Historically, the ancient cultures presented a picture of the then communities who lived in harmony with nature and a tradition of reverence for the elements that constituted ecosytems, drawing their sustenance from natural resources and at the same time protecting the environment that sustained them. With the influence of cross cultural learning, the indigenous culture always goes change. The changes can be positive or negative. But generally, one can find the external influence as the foreign invasion which is not in accordance to the local ecological setup. This affects the local socio-ecological setup negatively. The subsequent paragraphs have tried to highlight the issue of waste linked with the cultural aspects of the humans with reference to Indian society. Indian philosophySince the earliest known literature, the Vedas under the aegis of the then saints, the philosophy of the Indian society was focused on the simple life paths which were treated basic rules to live with nature and its component. The rules were impartial for all the living beings based on the principles of symbiotic relationship, the Aranya Samskruti (Forest AbstractIndian culture has the affinity for the conservation of nature and natural resources on the concepts of Aranya Samskruti (Forest Culture) and Prakruti Purush (Nature Man). The eco-culture could be observed through the ongoing customs and traditions prevalent in the Indian society. These age-old practices represent a symbiotic relationship of Man and Nature. The paper highlighted the philosophy of eco-ethics of the then society.
IntroductionGoal 3 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which include the older version of Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) maternal health (MDG-5) and child health and survival (MDG-4) are prime focused themes under the National Health Mission (NHM) of Government of India (GoI) [1]. Reduction in the maternal mortality of the country to achieve SDG goal is far away. On the further analysis, there has been a significant change with steady decline found in Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in last decade, while Early Neonatal Mortality Rate (ENMR) and Perinatal Mortality Rate (PNMR) remained steady since last decade [2].Considering the fact that institutional deliveries raised significantly up to 73% across India after implementing Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) scheme, the major proportion of maternal mortality (44%) and neonatal mortality (40%) is still high on the period around child birth [2]. The majority of causes of maternal and newborn mortality are preventable through appropriate care to mother and newborn at the time of birth despite of having many strategies like Reproductive Maternal Neonatal Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A). With the objective of improving the quality of care during child birth, GoI institutionalized 21 days training program of Skill Birth Attendance (SBA) for in-services Auxillary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) and staff nurses but results were not as according to expectations [2]. Subsequently, GoI introduced "Dakshata" which means adroitness, to improve intra partum and immediate post partum care with the training competency based and focusing on the highest impact practices during child birth, specifically shorter in duration for 3 days, post training follows up with support component by rolling out safe child birth checklist for doctors, staff nurses and ANMs The present investigation is an attempt to the assess the available infrastructure and services in the labor room, i.e., intra partum AbstractGoal 3 of the Sustainable Development Goals which use to be United Nations Millenium Development Goals (Goals 4 and 5) had focused on child survival and maternal health. These are the focused theme of the Government of India's public health programs under National Health Mission. It was Dakshata Program initiated in 2016 by GoI in 31 districts of the populous state of India, i.e., Uttar Pradesh. The investigation was carried out for these districts for the 124 high delivery load facilities selected from Health Management Information System data 2015-16. The random observations were undertaken for 2½ months (15 Sep -30 Nov 2016). The quality of the services was assessed using indicators in form of human resource, infrastructure, availability of drugs and trays, staff practices and knowledge and documentation processes. It was observed that human resource was inadequate for the investigated facilities. Despite of designated delivery rooms in all districts, the infrastructural setup was in poor state. The availability of the drugs and trays was in worst state. The labor room staff hardly follow...
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