The synthesis of two series of silylated chalconium borates, 9 and 10, which are based on the peri-naphthyl and peri-acenaphthyl framework, is reported (chalcogen (Ch): O, S, Se, Te). NMR investigations of the selenium- and tellurium-containing precursor silanes 3 d-f and 8 d, f revealed a significant through-space J-coupling between the chalcogen nuclei and the Me SiH group. Experimental and computational results typify the synthesized cations 9 and 10 as chalconium ions. The imposed ring strain weakens the Si-Ch linkage compared to acyclic chalconium ions. This attenuation of the Si-Ch bond strength is more pronounced in the acenaphthene series. Surprisingly, the Si-O bonds in oxonium ions 9 a and 10 a are the weakest Si-Ch linkage in both series. The synthesized silyl chalconium borates are active in hydrodefluorination reactions of alkyl fluorides with silanes. A cooperative activation of the silane by the Lewis acidic (silicon) and by the Lewis basic side (chalcogen) is suggested.
A new NMR‐based Lewis acidity scale is suggested and its application is demonstrated for a family of silyl Lewis acids. The reaction of p‐fluorobenzonitrile (FBN) with silyl cations that are internally stabilized by interaction with a remote chalcogenyl or halogen donor yields silylated nitrilium ions with the silicon atom in a trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment. The 19F NMR chemical shifts and the 1J(CF) coupling constants of these nitrilium ions vary in a predictable manner with the donor capability of the stabilizing group. The spectroscopic parameters are suitable probes for scaling the acidity of Lewis acids. These new probes allow for the discrimination between very similar Lewis acids, which is not possible with conventional NMR tests, such as the well‐established Gutmann–Beckett method.
The installation of structural complex oligosilanes from linear starting materials by Lewis acid induced skeletal rearrangement reactions was studied under stable ion conditions. The produced cations were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy at low temperature, and the reaction course was studied by substitution experiments. The results of density functional theory calculations indicate the decisive role of attractive dispersion forces between neighboring trimethylsilyl groups for product formation in these rearrangement reactions. These attractive dispersion interactions control the course of Wagner–Meerwein rearrangements in oligosilanes, in contrast to the classical rearrangement in hydrocarbon systems, which are dominated by electronic substituent effects such as resonance and hyperconjugation.
Cyclic silylated chalconium borates 13[B(C 6 F 5) 4 ] and 14[B(C 6 F 5) 4 ]w ith peri-acenaphthyl and peri-naphthyl skeletons were synthesized from unsymmetrically substituted silanes 3, 4, 6, 7, 9 and 10 using the standard Corey protocol (Chalcogen Ch = O, S, Se, Te). The configurationa tt he chalcogen atom is trigonal pyramidal for Ch = S, Se, Te ,l eading to the formation of cis-a nd trans-isomers in the case of phenylmethylsilyl cations.W ith the bulkier tert-butyl group at silicon, the configurationa tt he chalcogen atoms is predetermined to give almoste xclusively the trans-configurated cyclic silylchalconium ions. The barriers for the inversion of the configuration at the sulfur atomso fs ulfonium ions 13 c and 14 a are substantial (72-74 kJ mol À1)a ss hown by variable temperature NMR spectroscopy.T he neighboringg roup effecto ft he thiophenyl substituent is sufficiently strong to preservec hiral information at the silicon atom at low temperatures.
The Si−H•••Se contact in 1-mesitylselanyl-8-(dimethylsilyl)naphthalene (1), which exhibits the spatial arrangement of a δ-agostic interaction from geometric considerations, was investigated. Is this just enforced by close 1,8-proximity or is this a favorable interaction? Charge density studies are best suited to investigate the exact origin of the interaction and to quantify the properties. Hence, they are most elucidating. Highresolution X-ray diffraction data of 1 were collected, and a multipole refinement followed by a topological analysis using Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules was employed. The resulting bond properties were set in relation to high-level computational parameters. The comparison to Si−H•••[M] agostics, hydride bonding, chalcogen bonds, and chargeinverted hydrogen bonds qualified the Si−H•••Se noncovalent interaction to be best classified as a chalcogen−hydride bond.
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