ResumoA cinomose é causada por Morbilivirus e tem distribuição mundial, sendo o cão o principal reservatório para o vírus. A transmissão ocorre através de aerossóis sendo que este pode ser excretado no fim da fase aguda. Trata-se de uma doença sem predileção por raça, idade ou sexo, no entanto a literatura cita que filhotes são mais acometidos. No estudo realizado foram analisadas amostras de soro de cães domiciliados, nos bairros do município de Garanhuns sendo os bairros escolhidos a Boa Vista, Cohab 1, Cohab 2, Magano e Centro, durante o período de agosto a dezembro de 2012. Foram coletadas amostras de cães com idade superior a três meses, não vacinados contra a cinomose. Para elaboração dos mapas de distribuição geográfica dos animais foram coletadas coordenadas em cada casa visitada para a coleta. Das amostras analisadas, 90,38% foram positivas, sendo que 28,72% apresentaram concentração alta de anticorpos, 47,88% concentração média e 23,40% concentração baixa. Ao analisar a distribuição por bairros observou-se uma maior prevalência da infecção nos bairros Cohab 2 com 100,00% e Cohab 1 com 96,00%; seguido do bairro Boa Vista com 93,10%; Magano com 78,26%; Centro com 50,00%. Neste estudo não foi identificada nenhuma variável associada à infecção referente ao sexo, pois foram acometidos tanto machos quanto fêmeas e 100,0% dos animais, incluindo positivos e negativos, não eram castrados. Foi evidenciado que 75,0% dos animais nunca tinham sido levados ao veterinário, e destes, 94,8% foram positivos, fato este que pode estar relacionado à maior soropositividade nestes animais. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo mostram que o vírus da cinomose canina encontra-se disseminado na população canina de Garanhuns, Pernambuco, destaca-se a importância de estudos epidemiológicos para a caracterização da real situação da infecção por este vírus nas populações caninas, com o intuito de reduzir os prejuízos à saúde animal provocados pelo agente.

In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobcater coli, and virulence genes in fresh, chilled, and frozen chicken carcasses with livers and gizzards sold in public markets and supermarkets. Of the 90 samples analyzed, C. jejuni was the most prevalent, with 28.8% of positive samples, whereas C. coli was positive in 15.6% of samples. In public market samples, C. coli had a higher prevalence than C. jejuni, with 16.7% positive samples detected, whereas in supermarket samples, C. jejuni was more prevalent (36.7% positivity). C. jejuni was detected in all forms of commercialized carcasses; however, there was a higher prevalence (43.3%) in chilled samples than C. coli, which was not detected in frozen samples but showed a higher prevalence (16.7%) in fresh samples. Both species were detected in different poultry products, with C. jejuni being more prevalent (53.3%) in liver samples. C. coli showed a higher prevalence in samples of meat pieces (10%). The presence of five virulence genes related to adherence (Peb1, JlpA, CadF, and CapA) and invasion (CiaB) was also observed in both species.

The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sheep from the Agreste and Sertão regions of Pernambuco in Brazil and to analyze the risk factors associated with T. gondii infection. A total of 250 sheep from 14 sheep farms across the state of Pernambuco were used as samples. Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) was used for the detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies, adopting a cut-off dilution of 1:64. In order to determine risk factors, farm owners were subjected to a questionnaire form enquiring about the aspects of operational hygiene and sanitary systems. Thirty-four of the 250 samples (13.60%, 95% CI= 9.61% -18.48%) in the study were determined to be positive, and 10 out of 14 (71.42%) of the sheep farms showed at least one seropositive animal. Titers for the 34 positive samples presented 8 samples at 64 (23.53%), 3 at 128 (8.82%), 3 at 256 (8.82%), 13 at 512 (38.23%), and 7 at 1024 (20.60%). After regression logistics, only the supply of silage (p= 0.009; OR=2.79, CI 95%= 1.29 -6.0) was confirmed as a risk factor. The study was able to conclude that infection with T. gondii was prevalent in the sampled sheep farms in the state of Pernambuco, and that it was imperative to adopt preventive measures in order to effectively curb the identified risk factors. Key words: Infection. Sheep. Pernambuco. Toxoplasmosis. ResumoObjetivou-se com este estudo determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii e analisar os fatores de riscos associados à infecção em ovinos no Agreste e Sertão do estado de Pernambuco. Para tal foram utilizadas 14 propriedades de ovinos totalizando 250 animais. Utilizou-se para a pesquisa Lúcio, E. C. et al.de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii a técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI), adotando-se ponto de corte de 1:64. No estudo dos fatores de risco foram aplicados questionários com perguntas objetivas sobre os aspectos do manejo higiênico-sanitário. Das 250 amostras analisadas 34 (13,60%, IC 95% -9,61%; 18,48%) foram positivas; 71,42% (10/14) das propriedades apresentaram ao menos um animal positivo. Em relação à titulação, observou-se que das 34 amostras positivas, oito apresentaram título de 64 (23,53%); três títulos 128 (8,82%); três títulos 256 (8,82%); 13 títulos 512 (38,23%); e sete (20,60%) apresentaram título de 1024. Após regressão logística apenas a variável fornecimento de silagem (p=0,009; OR=2,79 IC 95%=1,29 -6,0) foi confirmada como fator de risco. Conclui-se que a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii está presente nas criações de ovinos na região estudada, sendo necessário à adoção de medidas preventivas e de controle que atuem nos fatores de risco identificados neste estudo. Palavras-chave: Infecção. Ovelha. Pernambuco. Toxoplasmose.

Background: Feed is the main route of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms and is responsible for a large part of the cost of poultry production, so the inclusion of alternative foods in diets for monogastrics has been a constant. Among alternative foods most used in modern poultry farming are animal meal, however, when contaminated they constitute a route of transmission of several pathogenic agents, including Escherichia coli. In addition, there is a zoonotic potential, as poultry products are intended for human consumption. The objective of this research was to detect virulence genes, as well as to evaluate the resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolates from meat meal samples.  Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 40 Escherichia coli isolates were analyzed and the virulence genes surveyed iss, ompT, hlyF, iutA, and fimA identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The antimicrobial agents tested were: amoxycillin (30 μg), ceftiofur (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), doxycycline (30 μg), florfenicol (30 μg), fosfomycin (200 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg) and oxacillin (1 μg). It was possible to observe the occurrence of the iss resistance gene in 100% of Escherichia coli isolates, followed by hlyF (85%), fimA (75%), ompT (17.5%) and iutA (5%). Regarding the simultaneous detection for the genes, a greater association between the genes iss, hlyF and fimA (60%) was verified. All isolates showed resistance to oxacillin (100%), followed by doxycycline (25%), amoxicillin (22.5%), norfloxacin (17.5%), ceftiofur (15%), florfenicol (12.5%), fosfomycin (12.5%), ciprofloxacin (10%) and gentamycin (2.5%). In this study, a variation of the multiple antimicrobial resistance index (IRMA) was observed between 0.22 and 0.77. Discussion: The indiscriminate use of of antimicrobials as performance enhancers in production animals, may have contributed to the increase in antimicrobial resistance, with the occurrence of multiresistant Escherichia coli carrying virulence genes. Virulence genes present in Escherichia coli isolates are studied to understand the degree of influence they exert in the establishment of the disease, one of the most researched genes is the iss gene, involved in the processes that promote serum resistance. In this study, iss (100%) was present in all the isolates analyzed, although it is not the only mechanism used by these bacteria to reach internal organs and trigger an infection, this gene encodes an important mechanism associated with high levels of virulence. The second highest prevalence found was of the hlyF gene (85%), the high prevalence of hlyF suggests virulence potential, involved with the production of hemolysin and improvement of outer membrane vesicles associated with the release of toxins. The fimA gene (75%) was detected in a slightly lower percentage when compared to iss and hlyF. With the second lowest prevalence, the ompT gene (17.5%), is involved in a process that includes the proteolytic degradation of antimicrobial peptides and with the lowest prevalence the iutA gene (5%). Certain combinations of virulence genes make the strains easier to survive, adhere to, colonize and even the ability to develop septicemic conditions. Multiresistant E. coli strains, is a fact of concern for both animal and human health, since the presence of multiresistant strains, originating from poultry, can be transmitted from chicken carcasses.  In this sense, the importance of sanitary control of the inputs used in animal feed is emphasized, as well as the prudent use of antimicrobials in animal production, with a view to producing a safe food, minimizing not only the economic losses, but also the risks to human health. Keywords: antimicrobial, bacterial resistance, colibacillosis, poultry.