The capability of a phenomenological, a physical-based, and a restoration-based model in flow behavior description has been evaluated comparatively to determine the optimum high-temperature deformation condition for a boron-alloyed steel. For this purpose, the hot compression tests are performed over wide ranges of strain rate and temperature. The modified Zerilli-Armstrong model is found to be simple and handy for flow modeling since it employs less material constants compared to the other models. The strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive equation is accurate and can be used to predict the flow behavior of similar alloys over a wide range of deformation temperatures. The restoration-based constitutive analysis is the most accurate approach for flow modeling because it takes different stages of deformation into account separately. Finally yet importantly, the experimental data are used to develop the efficiency maps and the optimum processing domains are determined.
Pure sulfide CIGS solar cells are interesting candidates for standalone solar cells or top cells in a tandem configuration. To understand the limits and improve the power conversion efficiency of these devices, a comprehensive approach aimed at composition, interface, and process engineering should be employed. Here, the latter was explored. Using a two-step fabrication technique and one-variable-at-a-time methodology, we found the four processing factors affecting the absorber the most. While two were already backed by the previous literature, we found new and statistical evidence for two other important factors as well. The impact of alkali barrier diffusion was also established with statistical significance and under various processing conditions. Furthermore, the absorber roughness for samples without a barrier indicated a significant negative linear correlation with the devices’ efficiency. This contribution could aid engineers in more efficient process designs.
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