Globalisation has heralded burgeoning ship movements and maritime operations in ports alongside increased international concerns regarding potential environmental impacts. In particular, smaller ports require accessible tools to manage them. A framework to facilitate environmental management applies business process principles to identify relevant inputs, processes and outputs. A case study of Falmouth Harbour Commissioners compares functional units and flows that define input-output processes for anchoring and bunkering operations. Strategic-level processes affect present and future operations while tactical service processes guarantee service level and quality through their integrity. Operational processes occur at the output level. An accessible generic framework supports planning of more sustainable maritime operations, facilitates mitigation of potential risks and encourages authorities to engage with sustainability agendas and manage development proposals proactively. Ongoing interlocution with business strategists will refocus port managers on educational and commercial missions and increase stakeholder engagement. Simplification and optimisation phases of business process re-engineering remain untapped by business strategists.
We examined role model preferences among individuals contemplating additive and subtractive behavior changes. Individuals considering engaging in a potentially beneficial activity, an additive behavior, were more likely to view positive models as effective motivators. Individuals considering abstaining from a potentially deleterious activity, a subtractive behavior, were more likely to view negative models as effective motivators. In addition, we examined the impact of participants' regulatory focus on role model preferences. In Studies 1 and 2, we measured promotion and prevention focus directly. In Study 3, we used self-construals as an indirect measure of regulatory focus. In all studies, promotion-focused individuals were especially likely to prefer positive role models when contemplating additive behaviors; prevention-focused individuals were especially likely to prefer negative role models when contemplating subtractive behaviors. The positive and negative examples set by high and low achievers can have a significant impact on the people around them. Positive role 422
Local sourcing, Arctic seaways and fossil fuel intolerance lessen oil freight work. Oil hauls lengthen if ships reroute to avoid Emission Control Areas and piracy. Conservative perceptions of established specialists match early career views. Carbon emission reduction policies imply significantly reduced oil shipments. Attitude change in maritime professionals will require education and marketing.
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