Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important components of the atmosphere due to their contribution to atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Tropical forests are the largest source of the dominant BVOC emissions (e.g. isoprene and monoterpenes). In this study, we report isoprene and total monoterpene flux measurements with a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) using the eddy covariance (EC) method at the Tapajós National Forest (2.857∘ S, 54.959∘ W), a primary rainforest in eastern Amazonia. Measurements were carried out from 1 to 16 June 2014, during the wet-to-dry transition season. During the measurement period, the measured daytime (06:00–18:00 LT) average isoprene mixing ratios and fluxes were 1.15±0.60 ppb and 0.55±0.71 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively, whereas the measured daytime average total monoterpene mixing ratios and fluxes were 0.14±0.10 ppb and 0.20±0.25 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Midday (10:00–14:00 LT) average isoprene and total monoterpene mixing ratios were 1.70±0.49 and 0.24±0.05 ppb, respectively, whereas midday average isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were 1.24±0.68 and 0.46±0.22 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Isoprene and total monoterpene emissions in Tapajós were correlated with ambient temperature and solar radiation. Significant correlation with sensible heat flux, SHF (r2=0.77), was also observed. Measured isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were strongly correlated with each other (r2=0.93). The MEGAN2.1 (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature version 2.1) model could simulate most of the observed diurnal variations (r2=0.7 to 0.8) but declined a little later in the evening for both isoprene and total monoterpene fluxes. The results also demonstrate the importance of site-specific vegetation emission factors (EFs) for accurately simulating BVOC fluxes in regional and global BVOC emission models.
Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important components of the atmosphere due to their contribution to atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Tropical forests are the largest source of the dominant BVOC emissions (e.g. isoprene and monoterpenes). In this study, we report isoprene and total monoterpene flux measurements with a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) using the eddy covariance (EC) method at the Tapajós National Forest (−2.857°S, −54.959°W), a primary rainforest in eastern Amazonia. Measurements were carried out from 1–16 June 2014, during the wet to dry transition season. During the measurement period, the measured daytime (06:00–18:00 LT) average isoprene mixing ratios and fluxes were 1.15 ± 0.60 ppb and 0.55 ± 0.71 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively, whereas the measured daytime average total monoterpenes mixing ratios and fluxes were 0.14 ± 0.10 ppb and 0.20 ± 0.25 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Midday (10:00–14:00 LT) average isoprene and total monoterpenes mixing ratios were 1.70 ± 0.49 ppb and 0.24 ± 0.05 ppb, respectively whereas midday average isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were 1.24 ± 0.68 mg C m−2 h−1 and 0.46 ± 0.22 mg C m−2 h−1, respectively. Isoprene and total monoterpene emissions in Tapajós were correlated with ambient temperature and solar radiation. Significant correlation with sensible heat flux, SHF (r2 = 0.77), was also observed. Measured isoprene and monoterpene fluxes were strongly correlated with each other (r2 = 0.93). The MEGAN2.1 model could simulate most of the observed diurnal variations (r2 = 0.7 to 0.8) but declined a little later in the evening for both isoprene and total monoterpene fluxes. The results also demonstrate the importance of site-specific vegetation emission factors (EFs) for accurately simulating BVOC fluxes in regional and global BVOC emission models.
The Amazon Basin has a large amount of water that must be conserved to meet the needs of this and future generations. This study evaluated evidence of the effects of human disturbance in the Tapajos National Forest and its surroundings using physicochemical and biological variables in surface waters as indicators. In order to accomplish this, we first analyzed the data series of precipitation in the region. Samples were collected from the Tapajos River in areas influenced by land use and occupation. We made on-site assessments and collected samples for laboratory analysis. Rainfall in December 2012 was higher than the climatology indicated. The results of the Water Quality Index (WQI) indicated the predominance of the "good" to "great"; its values ranged between 70 < WQI < 90 and 90 < WQI ≤ 100, in 70.0 % of the samples collected. The balnearies Alter do Chão and Pindobal had the highest levels of fecal coliform, possibly due to anthropogenic effects that could be mitigated by adequate tourist practices. The highest WQI and greater transparency of the water near Tauari, showed minimal effects of human activities in nearby surface waters. It is concluded that water bodies are sensitive to changes in land use and those changes may threaten the maintenance of conservation areas.
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi captar associações entre internações por doenças respiratórias e o índice micrometeorológico do município de Santarém, localizado na região do Oeste do Abstract The aim of this study was to attract associations between hospitalizations for respiratory diseases and micrometeorological index in the Santarém city, located in the West Pará region in the year 2010. It was used numbers of children hospitalizations with 0-4 years old and weather data variables (relative humidity, air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric pressure
Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência, riscos e fatores que levam a realização da automedicação, através de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, fazendo buscas de estudos científicos nas principais bases de dados acadêmicas: Google Acadêmico, Scielo, Medline, PubMed e Redib. Métodos: A revisão de literatura foi realizada no mês de outubro de 2021, utilizando os descritores “Automedicação”, “Pandemia”, “COVID-19”, “riscos” e “prevalência”. Resultados: Após fazer uso dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, obteve-se 12 artigos para a realização desta análise. Eles evidenciaram que a população buscou a automedicação como um meio de solução rápida e fácil para a doença, visto que ela é letal e tem uma morbidade considerável. Outra justificativa para a utilização da automedicação era a finalidade preventiva, de forma equivocada, dada a falta de comprovação cientifica sobre tratamento e/ou prevenção da COVID-19. Conclusão: Mediante os resultados apresentados, destaca-se que é de grande importância a realização de mais estudos que avaliem o uso indiscriminado de medicamentos utilizado no tratamento e/ou prevenção da doença, e se ressalta também a importância do profissional farmacêutico e da equipe multiprofissional na orientação da promoção do uso racional de medicamentos durante a pandemia da COVID-19.
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