Community sensitization is effective in providing first-hand, reliable information to communities as the information is cascaded to those who could not attend the sessions. However, further research is needed to assess how the informal spread of information further shapes people's expectations, how the process engages with existing social relations and hierarchies (e.g. local political power structures; permissions of heads of households) and how this influences or changes individual consent.
Rectal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are the most common type of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP NETs) representing 29% of all GEP NETs [1]. They are increasingly being diagnosed at screening colonoscopy or flexible sigmoidoscopy procedures and are therefore often incidental findings in asymptomatic individuals [2-4]. They have the best prognosis of all GEP NETs [5].
Consensus guidelines produced by the European NeuroendocrineTumour Society (ENETS), as well as other international guidelines,
ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to describe community antibiotic prescribing patterns in individuals hospitalised with COVID-19, and to determine the association between experiencing diarrhoea, stratified by preadmission exposure to antibiotics, and mortality risk in this cohort.Design/methodsRetrospective study of the index presentations of 1153 adult patients with COVID-19, admitted between 1 March 2020 and 29 June 2020 in a South London NHS Trust. Data on patients’ medical history (presence of diarrhoea, antibiotic use in the previous 14 days, comorbidities); demographics (age, ethnicity, and body mass index); and blood test results were extracted. Time to event modelling was used to determine the risk of mortality for patients with diarrhoea and/or exposure to antibiotics.Results19.2% of the cohort reported diarrhoea on presentation; these patients tended to be younger, and were less likely to have recent exposure to antibiotics (unadjusted OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.97). 19.1% of the cohort had a course of antibiotics in the 2 weeks preceding admission; this was associated with dementia (unadjusted OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.14 to 7.49). After adjusting for confounders, neither diarrhoea nor recent antibiotic exposure was associated with increased mortality risk. However, the absence of diarrhoea in the presence of recent antibiotic exposure was associated with a 30% increased risk of mortality.ConclusionCommunity antibiotic use in patients with COVID-19, prior to hospitalisation, is relatively common, and absence of diarrhoea in antibiotic-exposed patients may be associated with increased risk of mortality. However, it is unclear whether this represents a causal physiological relationship or residual confounding.
a gastroenterologist via social media would be desirable, and 46 patients (56.8%) wanted a gastroenterologist to answer patient questions in a dedicated social media group. Only a small number of patients had concerns regarding the use of social media in healthcare. The most commonly reported concerns were that their medical condition would not be effectively treated (9.8%), or that the quality of care provided would be inadequate (8.9%). Conclusion The majority of IBD patients are active on social media, and most would welcome the integration of social media into the management of their IBD. Some platforms have already begun offering these services. Further research is required to investigate the optimal method to integrate social media into the delivery of IBD services.
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