Despite the growing interest in the use of psychotropic medications in preschoolers, little is known about the clinical presentation of young children referred for psychiatric services. We describe the clinical characteristics, psychiatric disorders, and functioning of preschoolers referred for pediatric psychiatry evaluation. Structured psychiatric interviews assessing lifetime psychopathology by DSM-III-R criteria were completed on clinically referred youth. Family, social, and overall functioning were assessed at intake. From the pool of 1658 consecutive referrals, we identified 200 children less than or equal to (
Objectives/Hypothesis
VT is often considered the preferred treatment for vocal feminization in transgender patients. However, Wendler glottoplasty offers a surgical option for increasing fundamental frequency and perception of vocal femininity. We aimed to determine whether the addition of glottoplasty to VT results in greater fundamental frequency elevation and improvement in quality‐of‐life measures.
Study Design
Retrospective case series.
Methods
Forty‐eight trans female patients were treated for vocal feminization. Twenty‐seven patients underwent VT, and 21 patients underwent VT with additional glottoplasty (VTWG). Pre‐ and posttreatment acoustic measures, Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ), and Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) data were compared.
Results
Glottoplasty in combination with VT elevated average speaking fundamental frequency (SF0) to a greater extent than VT alone (P < .0001). The VTWG group achieved a 42‐Hz increase in SF0, whereas the VT group achieved a 15‐Hz increase in SF0. In both the VT and VTWG groups, the lower bound of physiologic range increased by 18 Hz (P = .0008 and P = .016, respectively). The addition of glottoplasty also resulted in greater improvement in voice‐related quality of life. Improvement in TWVQ and VHI‐10 was significantly greater in the VTWG group than the VT group (P = .007 and P = .029, respectively). TWVQ showed statistically significant improvement in the VTWG group only.
Conclusions
VT results in SF0 elevation and improvement in VHI‐10. The addition of glottoplasty to VT results in further improvements in SF0 and VHI‐10 and statistically significant improvement in TWVQ.
Level of Evidence
4 Laryngoscope, 131:1588–1593, 2021
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