Organic–inorganic hybrids (OIH) are materials that can be easily synthesized by the sol–gel method and combine the advantages of organic and inorganic moieties within a single polymeric matrix. Imidazole derivatives are versatile organic compounds that can change their optical properties with the variation of pH due to the protonation or deprotonation of the nitrogen atoms. This work reports the preparation of different OIHs doped with different contents of two imidazole compounds (3a,b). The obtained materials were characterized structurally by FTIR, and the dielectric properties were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The optical properties were studied by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The FTIR analysis showed that the presence of the imidazole does not change the structural properties of the matrices. The normalized resistance values obtained for the doped matrices ranged between 8.57 and 9.32 Ω cm2, all being higher than the undoped matrix. The σ ranged between 9.49 and 10.28 S cm−1, being all higher than the pure OIH samples. Compound 3a showed a maximum absorption peak at 390 nm, which is present in the OIH spectra, proving the presence of the compound. In the case of compound 3b, a maximum absorption wavelength at 412 nm was found, and the compound peak was not clear, which may indicate that an interaction between the compound and the matrix occurred. A synergetic effect between the intrinsic emission of the matrix and the fluorescence of 3a is found on the OIH-doped matrices.
The aim of this study is to characterize clients’ violence towards social workers, in terms of its frequency, as well as identify the organizational measures used to reduce and manage work related violence.Data were collected within 2 different stages which involved the use of interviews and questionnaires and included a total of 108 employees and 27 managers.The results indicate that at least half of the participants were victims of clients’ violence and verbal aggression is the most common type of violence. Finally, the results also revealed a set of measures of primary, secondary and tertiary intervention which are being used by the organizations involved in this study.
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