Background
The optimal distribution between physical activity (PA) levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) for the greatest benefits for body composition among older adults with overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions remains unclear. We aimed to determine the prospective association between changes in PA and in SB with concurrent changes in body composition and to examine whether reallocating inactive time into different physical activity levels was associated with 12-month change to body composition in older adults.
Methods
Longitudinal assessment nested in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A subsample (n = 1564) of men and women (age 55–75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome from both arms of the PREDIMED-Plus trial was included in the present analysis. Participants were followed up at 6 and 12 months. Physical activity and SB were assessed using validated questionnaires. Out of 1564 participants, 388 wore an accelerometer to objectively measure inactive time and PA over a 7-day period. At each time point, participants’ body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Standard covariate-adjusted and isotemporal substitution modelling were applied to linear mixed-effects models.
Results
Increasing 30 min of total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was associated with significant reductions in body fat (β − 0.07% and − 0.08%) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (− 13.9 g, and − 15.6 g) at 12 months (all p values < 0.001). Reallocating 30 min of inactive time to MVPA was associated with reductions in body fat and VAT and with an increase in muscle mass and muscle-to-fat mass ratio (all p values < 0.001).
Conclusions
At 12 months, increasing total PA and MVPA and reducing total SB and TV-viewing SB were associated with improved body composition in participants with overweight or obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This was also observed when substituting 30 min of inactive time with total PA, LPA and MVPA, with the greatest benefits observed with MVPA.
Trial registration
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial (ISRCTN), 89898870. Retrospectively registered on 24 July 2014
Introducción: La auto-percepción corporal es un constructo teórico ligado a la identidad, a sentimientos, a conductas y al ciclo vital de las personas. El embarazo implica cambios físicos y emocionales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el estado nutricional y la percepción corporal de gestantes.
Material y Métodos:Estudio descriptivo, transversal, entrevistando 302 embarazadas con control prenatal en 8 Centros de Salud, de Salta Capital (Primer Nivel de Atención). La muestra fue no probabilística de casos consecutivos. Variables: edad, estado nutricional actual y percepción de la imagen corporal. Se realizó análisis descriptivo con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y se aplicó prueba Chi Cuadrado.Resultados: El 24% de las embarazadas fueron adolescentes. Un 27% con sobrepeso y obesidad y 12% con bajo peso. El 42% sin distorsión de su imagen corporal, sobreestimaron el 43% de las embarazadas; sin embargo la mayoría de ellas tenían un estado nutricional normal. El 15% que subestimó su imagen corporal la mayoría se encontraba en sobrepeso y obesidad. Las adolescentes mayormente se percibieron muy excedidas de peso (54%). Se encontró asociación significativa entre percepción corporal y edad (χ 2 = 12,639; gl= 4; p=0,013), y entre estado nutricional y percepción de la imagen corporal (χ 2 =68,3; gl=6; p=0,000).
Conclusiones:La imagen corporal puede ser una preocupación durante el período de gestación. Las embarazadas adolescentes estudiadas presentaron sobreestimación de su imagen corporal. Las madres excedidas de peso subestimaron su imagen corporal.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.