Millions of Americans see theatrical productions every year, each with performers clothed via costume design. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the creative process of costume design for historically set theatrical productions. Sixteen Broadway costume designers were interviewed. Data analysis revealed that though each designer and every production is different, these costume designers approached historically set productions similarly. They believed that the presentation of history is essential, but they have their own inclination toward historical accuracy. Guided by their inclinations, they designed costumes by considering three independent production factors (applicability, attainability, and performability) and implementing four iterative strategies (incubation, research, role-playing, and historical manipulation). Through these findings, the authors developed a theoretical framework for the creative process of costume design for historically set productions. Semiotics and symbolic interactionism were applied. Analysis showed that both were unconsciously embraced by the contemporary Broadway costume designers who participated in this study.
To enhance the success of agritourism events and festivals, identified as important contributors to economic development in rural communities, this study investigated factors leading to revisit intentions toward these tourism activities. Taking an experience economy approach, the 4Es (educational, entertainment, escapist, and esthetic experiences) were used as alternative measures of outcome quality as part of a 4E-based reconceptualized hierarchical service quality model (HSQM). Data were collected from 529 respondents at three agritourism events in the state of Iowa. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that overall service quality was comprised of all three dimensions of HSQM (interaction quality, physical environment quality, and outcome quality as indicated by the 4Es) and overall service quality was shown to be an antecedent of visitor satisfaction, which consequently led to revisit intention. Additionally, SEM results demonstrated the suitability of the hypothesized 4E-based HSQM model to explain the variance in overall service quality at agritourism events. Thus, this study provides an innovative theoretical foundation for future research investigating service quality, and suggests strategies that marketers can use to effectively enhance experiential offerings for visitors at agritourism events.
The use of guest speakers in college classes is a well-accepted pedagogical practice, but the academic literature has generally been based on instructor or event organizers’ anecdotal reflections about particular experiences. Moreover, research based upon students’ considerations of this practice have been especially sparse. The purpose of this study is to explore student perceptions of guest speakers to determine what value students find in them. One-hundred fourteen students participated in a qualitative survey, answering questions about their prior experiences with and expectations of industry guest speakers. The results showed that 86.1% of respondents who had previously been enrolled in a college class that featured an industry guest speaker visit liked the experience, especially if the guest currently worked in a field related to course content, spoke enthusiastically and honestly, and answered questions. In particular, participants appreciated hearing insider information about the speaker’s day-to-day work life, as well as advice for their own career path. Recommendations are provided to university educators as guidance for improving student experiences and engagement with guest speakers, especially those from the fashion industry.
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