The present paper describes various Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) of the fishermen community of Indian Sundarbans in West Bengal documented during the period from 2013 to 2015. A total of eleven ITKs were documented including therapeutic value of fish with special reference to small indigenous fishes (SIF) and were categorised based on their uses. Effectiveness and rationality were assessed based on the view of the experts as well as that of fishers. The study indicated that seven ITKs documented were rational and effective. Those valid ITKs include four types of unique fishing methods; fish as special energy booster; methods to support natural fish breeding and fish marketing. Remaining four ITKs, like use of fishes to address unique human health issues, method to reduce mortality during prawn seed transport and behaviour of fish for forecasting extreme climatic events, although appeared as irrational and less effective as per the view of experts, fishers are practicing them and hence demand special attention for proper validation, improvement and popularisation in the context of changing regional resource structure and stakeholders’ needs.
Self Help Group is a unique innovation of credit delivery technique and has produced positive impacts on two vital areas of national development, alleviation of poverty and women's empowerment. Sixty five variables relating to impact of SHGs on members are identified from survey of literature and relevant perception of direct stakeholders whether the aspects like impact on members of SHG and its involvement in larger social issues should be peripheral or core components of quality indicators of SHG is perceived in this study. The study is conducted by using multi-stage random sampling method to collect primary data from the selected Development Blocks of Nagaon districts of Assam (India). It is observed that there was no significant effect of stakeholders on overall score on impact on members of SHG as Peripheral or Core issue. It is observed that different stakeholders believed that the impact on members of SHG and its involvement in larger social issues should be 'somewhat core component' as the mean value lies in between the scale range of 1 & 0 which represents the range of 'somewhat core component'. It is further observed that Financial Institutions are less concerned about the social issues while Donor's are more concerned about the social issues.
Entrepreneurship on small scale is the only solution to the problems of unemployment and proper utilization of both human and non-human resources and improving the living conditions of the poor masses. The basic rationale of developing these industries are that they provide immediate large scale employment, ensure more equitable distribution of income, encourage decentralization of industries and eradicate poverty and unemployment. During the last three decades, many countries of the world have experienced the need and importance of entrepreneurship has been accepted as a strategy to achieve the twin objectives of promotion of entrepreneurship, particularly among the educated unemployed youth and also for rapid industrialization in the economy. The main object of this paper is to study the existing literature on entrepreneurship through Micro finance-SHG linkage in India in general and NER in particular. The analysis of this study is based on secondary sources. Efforts are also made in this paper to analyze the role of micro finance through SHGs in the promotion and development of entrepreneurship. This paper examines the different approaches of entrepreneurship and also explains the different key areas of micro enterprise development. Finally, this paper highlights the problems of micro, rural and women entrepreneurs and also suggested some specific measures based on the survey of existing literature, for the promotion of these industries in the country.
Micro finance has garnered significant worldwide attention as being a successful tool to meet substantial demand for financial services by low-income. India occupies a significant place and a niche in global micro finance through promotion of the Self Help Groups and the home grown SHG-Bank Linkage Programme model. It is observed that different stakeholders have promoted SHGs with different expectations and understanding, and have sorted different parameters of quality of SHGs. Thus, it is necessary to identify a common ground and set appropriate benchmarks for SHGs operation. Sixty one variables relating to quality parameters are identified and relevant perception of direct stakeholders about on whose perspective parameters to be considered for assessing Quality of SHG is incorporated in this study. The study is conducted by using multi-stage random sampling method to collect primary data from the selected Development Blocks of Nagaon districts of Assam (India). It is observed that there exists enough evidence to conclude that there are differences among direct stakeholders regarding perception of stakeholders about on whose perspective parameters to be considered for assessing quality of SHG. Further, these variables are more decisive statements or factors in this case under given methodology.
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