Microsurgery using a transparent tubular retractor guided by a neuronavigation system facilitated accurate and effective removal of these deep-seated brain lesions.

We developed a practical scale to facilitate deciding whether to proceed with surgical management in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. This scale was useful for the diagnosis of prognostic groups and can be used to develop guidelines for patient treatment.

An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare disease entity reported to arise in various organs but still thought to be a neoplastic or reactive inflammatory condition controversially. The author reports an extremely rare case of intradural extramedullary IMT of lumbar spine which was presenting radiculopathy and neurogenic intermittent claudication due to concomitant spondylolisthesis.

Left VA may arise from the AA. If a long PVVA segment entering higher CVTF is present, operator can perform anterior cervical surgery via contralateral approach for avoidance of VA injury.