We investigated the efficiency of activated polyamidoamine maximal after transfection with 18:1 (w/w) activated dendrimers, a new class of nonviral vectors, to transfect dendrimer:plasmid DNA ratio and culture for 3 days. The rabbit and human corneas in ex vivo culture. In addition to supernatant of corneas transfected with TNFR-Ig plasmid assessing the expression of a marker gene we have demcontained TNFR-Ig protein which was able to inhibit TNFonstrated that this approach can be used to induce the promediated cytotoxicity in a bioassay. We have therefore duction of TNF receptor fusion protein (TNFR-Ig), a protein shown that activated dendrimers are an efficient nonviral with therapeutic potential. Whole thickness rabbit or human vector capable of transducing corneal endothelial cells ex corneas were transfected ex vivo with complexes convivo. They may have applications in gene-based sisting of dendrimers and plasmids containing lacZ or approaches aimed at prevention of corneal allograft TNFR-Ig genes. Following optimisation 6-10% of the correjection or in treatment of other disorders of corneal neal endothelial cells expressed the marker gene.endothelium. Expression was restricted to the endothelium and was

SUMMARYLipaemia retinalis is a rarely described condition which occurs in certain types of both primary and secondary hyperlipidaemia. It presents with a striking fundal appearance. We report 7 cases of lipaemia retinalis and ocular manifestations in hyperlipidaemia which presented over a 12 year period to our hospitals. These illustrate the different presentations and stages of the disease, and other fundal abnormalities seen in hyperlipidaemia.Lipaemia retinalis, which was first described in 1880 by Heyll, occurs in certain types of both primary and secondary hyperlipidaemia. The principal fundal abnormality in lipaemia retinalis is a milky disco 1-ouration of retinal vessels. This can vary in degree from barely detectable peripheral vessel changes to cream colouration of all retinal vessels with a 'salmon' -coloured fundus. The grading system used to describe the stages of the disease is given in Table I Lipaemia retinalis has been described in both

Aims/background-Recurrent erosion syndrome encompasses a group of mixed aetiologies for which there are a number of methods of management which may influence the course of the disease. Methods-The outcomes of a cohort of patients initially treated with topical lubricants were studied. 117 consecutive patients presenting over 1 year with a history of recurrent erosions were enrolled, baseline characteristics were documented, and treatment with lubricants was initiated. Patients were surveyed 4 years later inquiring about symptoms and treatments required. Results-A total of 94 (80%) of the initial cohort were contacted. The mean age was 44 years and the sex distribution was 44 males to 50 females. The mean period of follow up was 48 months. 55 (59%) were still symptomatic with attacks occurring at a median frequency of 60 days. 13 patients (24%) complained of an episode at least every week and 28 patients (51%) suVered at least every month. The median pain score (analogue scale of 1-10) was 2.5. Seventy five per cent (n=21) of patients with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD) were symptomatic compared with those with a traumatic aetiology among whom 46% (n=28) were symptomatic. This diVerence was significant (p=0.02). Those with EBMD were more likely to be continuing to use topical lubricants than the trauma group. Conclusion-Patients with a traumatic aetiology are less likely to suVer chronic recurrent erosion syndrome than those with EBMD. (Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:26-28)

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One-year results from this study, the largest reported clinical investigation of the use of ICLs in New Zealand, support the safety, efficacy and predictability of ICL to treat both hyperopic and myopic spherical refractive errors.