Introducción El incremento acelerado de la población adulta a nivel global, ha dado un cambio demográfico que impacta en la esperanza de vida al nacer y que se espera que para el 2100 se encuentre en 90 años. Para el adulto mayor el mejor indicador de salud es su estado funcional, el riesgo de perder su autonomía es muy alto lo que genera una alta demanda de atención y cuidado. Objetivo: Describir la relación que existe entre el riesgo de caídas y el estado mental, la autonomía física, la marcha y el equilibrio del adulto mayor residente en el hogar Nuestra señora de los Dolores de Santiago de Chile. Metodología Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal enfoque cuantitativo y correlacional a través de la aplicación de las escalas de Downton, Batrthel, Pfiffer y Tinetti a los 36 residentes del hogar de adultos mayores. Resultados Se evidenció un alto de riesgo de caída del 100%, con factores asociados como nivel alto de dependencia, la alteración en la marcha y el equilibrio, la polifarmacia, tener múltiples comorbilidades. Conclusión Identificar características del adulto mayor y los factores relacionados, permite la planificación de estrategias de seguimiento individualizado para fortalecer la movilidad el equilibrio, nivel de dependencia mejorando la autonomía, a través de procesos enfermeros y planes de cuidados específicos que impacten en la seguridad y calidad de vida de los adultos mayores.
Introduction The creation of digestive stomata is associated with a change in people's lives. Causing a strong impact that influences all dimensions of life. This paper reports on the effects of socio-educational interventions on the quality of life (QOL) of people with a digestive ostomy. Objective To describe the effect of a nursing intervention on the QOL of people with a digestive ostomy. Methods A quasiexperimental study was conducted whose sample consisted of 12 people who were ostomized in a public hospital in Colombia. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group. For the control group, an educational process was carried out through a theoretical session with virtual mediation (educational video). The QOL was evaluated before and after the interventions through the Montreux questionnaire. Results The average age was 57(+7) years. No statistical differences were found between the groups in the QOL index or for any of the dimensions that make up QOL. Pretest and post-test analysis for each intervention separately showed improvement in two dimensions of QOL for each group; in the intervention group body image dimension ( p = .017) and the positive coping dimension ( p = .027). In the control group, the physical well-being dimension ( p = .037) and social concerns dimension ( p = .034). Conclusions The personalized educational intervention or carried out through virtual pedagogical mediation, generated a clinically significant increase in the dimensions of QOL, without statistical differences. The study adds knowledge about the impact that digestive stomata have on the QOL, which is why it is necessary to establish specialized interdisciplinary teams to care for the person's new condition at home during the following months.
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