Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are one of the valuable tools to investigate the functions of genes, and are also used for gene silencing. It has a wide scope in drug discovery through in vivo target validation. siRNA therapeutics are not optimal drug-like molecules due to poor bioavailability, immunogenic and off-target effects. In order to overcome the challenges associated with siRNA therapeutics, identification of appropriate chemical modifications that improves the stability, specificity and potency of siRNA is essential. This review focuses on the various chemical modifications and their implications in siRNA therapy.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra, mass and Carbon Hydrogen and Nitrogen (CHN) analyzer synthesize and characterize bioactive Imidazole Derivatives (ID). Fluorescence and ultra violetvisible absorption spectrometry aids in investigating ID and bovine serum albumin. Imidazole-Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) complex leads to BSA fluorescence quenching, in where ID performs the BSA quenching. Then the calculation of binding constant is made based on quenching analysis. Forester's nonradiation energy transfer determines the binding distance between bovine serum albumin and imidazole, where the influence of certain ions over the binding constant between them has also been carried out.
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