Wireless sensor network consists of sensor nodes which are powered by battery; to communicate with each other for environment monitoring. Energy efficiency is the main issue in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, to maximize network lifetime and achieve maximum reliability and scalability, routing techniques have been developed. LEACH is the conventional hierarchical clustering protocol widely used in WSNs. This paper reviews the taxonomy of WSN routing protocols and also highlights issues in LEACH protocol along with disadvantages. The objective of this paper is to provide brief detail of some LEACH improved versions. Finally this paper compares some features of LEACH protocol variants.
General TermsComparison among various descendants of LEACH protocol
KeywordsWireless Sensor Network (WSN); LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy Routing Protocols.
The underwater wireless sensor networks have found many applications in today's world as they are used in medical applications, sea exploration, military applications and many more. With the advancement in the underwater wireless sensor networks technology, new research challenges are found that are to be resolved like how efficient routing can be done without sacrificing energy consumption of the sensor nodes, how the deployment of the sensor nodes should be done and so on. Due to the movement of sensor nodes with the water currents, the deployment and routing becomes a difficult task. In this paper, various routing protocols like Information Carrying routing protocol, Depth Based routing protocol, Constraint Based Depth based routing protocol, Directional flooding routing protocol are discussed and a comparative analysis of these routing protocols on the basis of various parameters like localization information, network topology, and use of control packets, network architecture used is presented.
Wireless Sensor networks include large amount of low power, low priced sensor nodes generally deployed in hostile and harsh environment to sense, collect and transmit data to sink at far distance. Clustering has been widely studied to enhance the lifetime of WSN by reducing the number packet transmission. In clustering, the nodes selected as cluster head, often suffer from high overload and thus consume more energy. Re-clustering is eventually performed to talk about the resource intensive cluster head role, which requires global time synchronization. To handle this problem, some recent research has been considered in the field of the wireless sensor networks. The overall objective is to judge the various limitations of the sooner techniques. This paper ends up with the suitable future directions to boost the existing protocol further.
In WSNs, Energy is a scarcest resource of sensor nodes and it determines the lifetime of sensor nodes. These are battery powered sensor nodes. These small batteries have limited power and also may not easily rechargeable or removable. Long communication distance between sensors and a sink can greatly drain the energy of sensors and reduce the lifetime of a network. In WSNs, energy is a big factor to be considered. Various techniques are used to optimize energy level of sensor nodes of WSN. We will make a review of some of these wireless sensor network techniques which are used recently and are helpful in improving energy efficiency of wireless sensor nodes.
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