The study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of wheat germ oil (WGO) against hepatotoxicity induced during treatment with the combination of two anti-tubercular (anti-TB) drugs, Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RIF) in rats. Fatty acid and Vit E. contents of WGO were assayed by GC-MS and HPLC respectively. Rats received WGO at two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg. body weight, p. o, for 30 days) 30 minutes before Anti-TB drugs. Liver functions test, inflammatory mediator marker (IL-10 and NF-κB), oxidative stress (GSH, MDA) and NO were determined with different techniques. Furthermore, histological findings, immunohistochemical and ultra-structure were carried out. In-vitro analysis of the WGO revealed that linoleic and oleic acids were the major compounds, and WGO was rich in vitamin E. Significant elevation in liver enzymes, NF-κB, and depletion in IL-10, along with a disturbance in the antioxidant defense systems. Meanwhile, WGO improves all these changes in a dose-dependent manner as compared with the anti-TB intoxicated group. The hepatoprotective effect of WGO was confirmed with immune histochemical and histopathological findings. WGO has a hepatoprotective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by combined therapy of anti-TB drugs (INH+RIF).
Curcuma sp, has an economic importance in several cases. This work was conducted to study the effect of weight of rhizome on growth, yield of turmeric, and its chemical components. Pieces of rhizomes with different weights were cultivated (10, 20, and 30g) of two varieties of Curcuma sp. (Curcuma domestica and Curcuma aromatic). Data revealed that, the pieces of the highest weight produced the stronger plants in the two varieties, so the highest weight of pieces produced the heaviest rhizomes. Also total carbohydrates, essential oil and curcumine yield markedly enhanced with the increasing in the weight of piece rhizome.
The effect of salt stress on growth proximate analysis, amino acid profile, protein quality and fractionations in 3 days etiolated clover sprout samples was investigated. Sterilized and nonsterilized clover seeds were sprouting using tap water 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm NaCl solution. The results showed reduction effect of clover sprout characters with higher NaCl concentration. Clover seed sprouting increased the crude protein content using tap water or saline water for sprouting as compared with dry seeds. However using nonsterilized clover seeds for sprouting recorded the higher values of protein (44.73%), lipids (6.21%) and energy (318.51 kcal/g) in etiolated sprouts, while using sterilized seeds recorded higher carbohydrate (21.28%), fiber (14.57%) and ash (4.46%). For amino acids, aspartic acid followed by glutamic acid were the most abundant, while Cysteine and methionine were the least in clover etiolated sprouts. Using saline water for clover seed sprouting caused increases in all amino acid compared with tap water except Methionine, aspartic acid and cysteine. For protein efficiency ratio (PER), essential amino acid index (EAAI%) and biological value (BV), from using saline water for sprouting had the higher values than sprouts from using tap water, but the values are less than dry seeds. On the other hand nutritional index (NI) recorded the higher values in salt stress compared with both using tap water and dry clover seeds. For protein fraction in etiolated clover sprouts albumin was the major protein fraction extracted from NaCl 2000ppm sprout fallowed by prolamin from tap water sprouts, glutelin from NaCl 1000 ppm sprout and globulin from tap water sprout. The clover sprout protein isolated and its fractions could have excellent applications for future product development by virtue of their nutritional and functional properties.
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