This study aims to design and build water resource conservation model with emphasis on technical, socioeconomical,and ecological aspects involving extensive changes in land use, population growth, continuity of operation of the hydropower of Asahan and some other aspects of the catchment. Illustration of the water balance was made under the influence of land use and other economic activities. Modelling of water balance was constructed by the method of dynamic modeling systems using Powersim software.The water availability was analyzed using FJ.Mock method with variables derived from the analysis of the ecological condition of the catchment area of Lake Toba. The simulations ofwater balance and water level was performed for the condition without intervention variables and with intervention variables. The intervention variables was performed in pessimistic, moderat and optimistic scenario to provide an overview of conservation policy. The simulation of the water balance and lake water level indicate that either in the year of 2017-2057, the best scenario is between moderate and optimistic scenarios in the condition of the population growth between 0.8% -1.0% per year, infiltration coefficient values between 0.40 to 0.45, the value of land cover factor between 0.25 to 0.3, while the flow ofwater released into the Asahan River of 91.69 m3/sec in average.
The establishment of national park in customary region had aroused conflic since it had not incorporate traditional management system in its management system. The objectives of this research is to develop such policies for national park zonation that amalgamating the national-global interests for conservation on the one side and the customary community interests on the other side. Result shows that adaptation was needed toward the prevailing science-based ecologically-oriented regulation on zoning plan, so it would incorporate the community's custom in order to achieve effective management of national park. Appropriate and applicable zoning can be achieved through implementation of management mindset with customary people livelihood perspectives, zone establishment which give priority to the achievement of national park functions rather than the fulfillment of zone requirements, and adaptation of zone formation and criteria toward traditional land use as efforts to accommodate the interest of biodiversity conservation and customary people livelihood.
TREE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF 1.8 HA PLOT SAMBOJA RESEARCH: 28 YEARS AFTER INITIAL FIRE. Repeated forest fires highly impact on tree species composition. Forest planning requires information about the current condition of species composition. This paper investigates the current tree composition of natural regeneration after repeated forest fires, regeneration process after repeated fires, and strategy of secondary growth related to ecological restoration issues. Re-observation of the 1.8 hectares permanent plot in Samboja Research Forest was conducted in 2011. All trees with diameters above 10 cm at breast height (DBH) were re-numbered and mapped. Herbarium specimen was collected for species identification. Number of taxon was determined, Important Value Index was calculated, species trait of light response was identified based on the references and dispersion index species was calculated. Results show after twenty eight years initial forest fire, 191 species naturally regenerated in the burnt area. Macaranga gigantea, a light demanding pioneer species of Euphorbiaceae was the most dominant species, followed by Vernonia arborea belonging to Asteraceae. Both, M. gigantea and V. arborea had clumped distribution. Eight species identified survived from repeated fires, are Anthocephalus chinensis, Dipterocarpus cornutus, Diospyros borneensis, Eusideroxylon zwageri, Shorea ovalis, Syzygium borneensis, Pholidocarpus majadum and Vatica umbonata. All surviving species was distributed uniformly in the plot. Dominant pioneer species which has grown after repeated fires indicates that the current condition of burnt forest is in the early succession. Protecting forest, assisting natural regeneration and monitoring dominant species are suggested as activities for the ecological restoration.
Mangrove utilization as raw material for charcoal by the people of Batu Ampar was classified as illegal action, since the raw materials were taken from protected forests. Conversely, the existence of production forest and Community-based Plantation Forest (HTR) schemes have not become a solution to these problems. The aim of the research is to determine the history of utilization permit of mangrove forests as a source of raw material for charcoal by community and to analyze the constraints of the HTR policy implementation in Batu Ampar. This research was using quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results showed that the efforts to legalize business by community had been undertaken several times, but often collide with policies related to the dynamics of change in the status and functions of forest area in Kubu Raya District. Barriers to implementation of the HTR were: (1) mangrove forest which have potential for mangrove utilization as charcoal's raw material was still constrained with its status and function as Protection Forest; (2) lack of community knowledge on the regulations; (3) low quality human resources and the absence of strict sanctions; and (4) most of the tasks and functions of government agencies have not been implemented.
Untuk mendukung upaya konservasinya diperlukan data dan informasi tentang populasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang jumlah individu, angka kematian dan kelahiran pesut mahakam; pemetaan sebaran serta memperoleh informasi jarak jelajah hariannya. Pendugaan jumlah individu pesut mahakam dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode capture-mark-and recapture berdasarkan identifikasi foto sirip punggung. Angka kematian dan kelahiran pesut dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan langsung di lapangan dan wawacara. Jarak jelajah harian pesut dihitung berdasarkan trayek pergerakan focal group yang diikuti selama 8-11 jam. Hasil penelitian yaitu jumlah individu pesut pada tahun 2012 sebanyak 92 individu.Jumlah kematian sebesar enam individu, sedangkan jumlah kelahirannya adalah lima individu. Jarak jelajah rata-rata harian pesut adalah 27,3 km. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan sebaran pesut di Sungai Mahakam. Pesut mahakam tidak lagi mendiami wilayah Muara PahuPenyinggahan yang sebelumnya merupakan habitat intinya. Saat ini, pesut-pesut terkonsentrasi di lokasi lain yakni Pela-Muara Kaman.
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