Most wearable intelligent biomedical sensors are battery-powered. The batteries are large and relatively heavy, adding to the volume of wearable sensors, especially when implanted. In addition, the batteries have limited capacity, requiring periodic charging, as well as a limited life, requiring potentially invasive replacement. This paper aims to design and implement a prototype energy harvesting technique based on wireless power transfer/magnetic resonator coupling (WPT/MRC) to overcome the battery power problem by supplying adequate power for a heart rate sensor. We optimized transfer power and efficiency at different distances between transmitter and receiver coils. The proposed MRC consists of three units: power, measurement, and monitoring. The power unit included transmitter and receiver coils. The measurement unit consisted of an Arduino Nano microcontroller, a heart rate sensor, and used the nRF24L01 wireless protocol. The experimental monitoring unit was supported by a laptop to monitor the heart rate measurement in real-time. Three coil topologies: spiral–spiral, spider–spider, and spiral–spider were implemented for testing. These topologies were examined to explore which would be the best for the application by providing the highest transfer power and efficiency. The spiral–spider topology achieved the highest transfer power and efficiency with 10 W at 87%, respectively over a 5 cm air gap between transmitter and receiver coils when a 200 Ω resistive load was considered. Whereas, the spider–spider topology accomplished 7 W and 93% transfer power and efficiency at the same airgap and resistive load. The proposed topologies were superior to previous studies in terms of transfer power, efficiency and distance.
Many wearable or portable medical devices have limited battery energy. In this paper, a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) was adopted to take advantage of bodyweight to generate power to wearable and implantable medical devices. To confirm the power generated by the PZT, electromyography (EMG) was used to measure the subject’s muscle activity. The proposed system consists of three parts: power, measurement, and monitoring units. The power unit was tested using on 0.25 F, 0.33 F, 0.5 F, and 1 F supercapacitors to explore the best supercapacitor that can supply the measurement unit by power. Based on using PZT, we found that the power unit was able to supply the measurement unit with adequate voltage (i.e., 5 V) for normal operation without system failure. The present system has better performance than state-of-the-art in terms of power and voltage as compared to that in previous studies.
Many wearables or portable medical devices have limited battery energy. Such batteries cannot operate for a long time and require recharging or periodic replacement. A piezoelectric transducer (PZT), ultrasonic sensor (USS), and magnetic resonator coupling (MRC) are potential technologies for solving this problem, being promising technologies that can be used to generate free power for low-power medical applications. The USS and MRC optimize transfer power, efficiency, and distance between the transmitter and receiver. These three technologies can generate power to wearable and implantable medical devices (IMDs). To validate the proposed PZT, USS, and MRC, we supplied electromyography (EMG) sensor, a heart rate sensor, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) sensor with adequate power to measure the subject’s muscle activity, heart rate (beats per minute, bpm), and SpO2 rate, respectively. The proposed system consists of four parts: power system, measurement part, wireless transmitter, and monitoring part. We found that 5 V could be used for charging 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, and 1 Farad supercapacitors based on the PZT at duration. Furthermore, the 0.25 F supercapacitor was fully charged in 41 min; compared with previous closed-circuit studies, it achieved high power of 197 μW at resistive load 15 kΩ. In addition, USS-based transfer efficiencies and powers could be used with 1, 4, and 8 F supercapacitors. The system had transfer efficiency and power of 69.4% and 0.318 mW, respectively, at 4 cm when 4 F was adopted. Furthermore, the MRC system had transfer efficiency and power of 21.14% and 2.079 W, respectively, at 7 cm at resistive load 70 Ω. Our results show that the PZT, MRC, and USS in the present study outperformed previous works in terms of power generation, transfer power, and efficiency.
The tongue reflects the abnormal condition and behavior of the internal organs of the body, such as problems of the heart, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestines, blood diseases and others, which lead to changes in some of the features and characteristics of the tongue. The most important of these is tongue color, which can be adopted as a biometric that can be used in Computerized Tongue Diagnostic Systems (CTDS). Quantitative diagnosis of the tongue requires some devices, including image acquisition devices such as cameras, light sources, filters, color checkers, image analysis and processing devices through the application of some algorithms or image processing and color correction software, as well as a computer. This study proposes a real-time imaging system to analyze tongue color and diagnose diseases using a webcam under specific conditions. The proposed system was designed in a Matlab GUI environment. After testing the system on a data set of more than 100 images, the preliminary results showed that the proposed system gives a disease diagnosis with an accuracy rate of no less than 86.667%. The proposed system contributed to the diagnosis of several diseases in real time, with an accuracy of 95.45%, with ease of use, implementation and low cost. This gives impetus to further studies to apply computerized diagnosis in medical applications, to enhance the medical reality, monitor patient health, and make an accurate diagnosis.
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