Background & Objective:Pakistan like many Asian countries is investing in medical education to address increased societal needs and to meet the requirement of national and international accrediting bodies. Establishing medical education departments is part of this investment. The research question was “What are the expectations of faculty from medical education department?” The objective of this study was to explore the Faculty’s perception about the roles of medical education department and their suggestions for its future endeavors.Methods:A qualitative case study design was chosen for this study. Heterogeneous group of faculty members from basic and clinical sciences departments of University College of Medicine, Lahore were invited for this study. They represented a variety of disciplines, and seniority levels. They were queried about their perception of the roles of medical education department and were encouraged to give suggestions for better functioning of department. Data was collected by audio recording through focus group interviews. Data analysis was done using NVIVO 11 software.Results:Initially 55 nodes/codes emerged which were then condensed to 35 nodes. Out of these three main themes emerged. The three emergent themes were: Knowledge about the roles of medical education department.Interactions with the medical education department.Future Prospects of the medical education department. Roles of medical education department identified by the faculty were mainly related to faculty development, curriculum planning and implementation, student support, policy making for student induction, improving teaching strategies, student assessment, quality assurance and accreditation of the medical college. Faculty development not only encompassed faculty training but also provision of opportunities for research and curriculum development. Student support was found to be a neglected role and faculty members suggested it to be an important area to be looked upon by medical education departments.Conclusion:Institutions must ensure consultation with faculty members and should take proactive measures to sustain change, including giving ownership and team building among the faculty members.
This study examines the challenges faced by Pakistan during COVID‐19 pandemic and the policies taken by the Government of Pakistan to contain and control the spread of the pandemic. Pakistan is considered among those countries that have been severely affected by COVID‐19 due to insufficient health infrastructure. Moreover, the pandemic has affected the country socially and economically, which has slashed down GDP and overall wellbeing. However, the government has taken effective policy measures that enhanced the recovery rate of infected patients, for instance, out of 276,288 confirmed cases, 244,883 cases have been recovered. Currently, only 26,421 cases are active; it shows 88.6% recovery. Since the implementation of consistent plans, policies, and effective actions, the recovery rate has been ramping up, and infected cases have been getting down.
Developing a conceptual model is vital for small-scale organic farmer's credit access to sustain the livelihoods. However, smallholders continually face severe problems in getting finance that lead to reduce investment and in turn, challenges the livelihoods. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to establish and empirically test a theoretical model to explore how agility and innovativeness in organic food value chain finance are achieved through ITI, TRST, CG, ICT, and IS, and how these, in turn, can accelerate financial flow in the value chain and enhance competitiveness. The present study used a survey method and collected data from small-scale farmers, traders, and financial institutions. The model and hypothesis are tested using data obtained from 331 respondents through partial least square structure equation modeling techniques. We argue that development of theoretical model show potential to increase creditworthiness of smallholders and overcome uncertainties that impede traditional value chain credit arrangement. Thus, the present study could provide new ways to integrate the value chain partners, through information and communication technology and governance arrangements in the organic food value chain financing. This study demonstrates that the mediations of innovativeness and agility significantly affect the development of new financial products to make agile the financial flow, which in turn positively influences value chain competitiveness. Significant judgments are required for trustworthy relations among the value chain partners to positively harness innovative product development for swifter value chain finance. Therefore, this theoretical model should not be regarded as a quick solution, but a process of testing, error, and learning by doing so.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has gained wide attention during the last two decades. Different measurement instruments and approaches have been developed and applied to different sectors to measure CSR. The concept of CSR in Islam is also an important aspect to discuss and measure. Islam highlights all such areas for a business which could affect the life patterns of the related stakeholders. The aim of this study is to review the different available measurement scales that have been developed and used by different researchers in different areas of the world. Secondly, the CSR concept in Islamic perspective is relatively new as compared to conventional CSR, and a few scales have been developed on Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR). This study is also an effort to review ICSR approaches as well. Relevant research articles were selected for this purpose. Narrative review methodology has been used, and scales and approaches were assessed chronologically to check the limitation of existing scales. As CSR is a contextual concept, it is difficult to decide which scale is the best one, but through this study, future researchers will be in a position to select any available scale according to the nature of their study.
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