Background: Skin adnexal tumors (SAT) encompass a wide spectrum of benign and malignant tumors that differentiate toward one or more adnexal structures found in normal skin. Overall incidence of SATs is low yet they can be challenging to diagnose. Our study aims at analysis of histopathological spectrum of various SATs according to age, sex and anatomic locations along with histopathological features.Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 2 years from June 2017 to May 2019. All cases were retrieved from department registries and analyzed.Results: Out of the total 4013 biopsies, 25 cases were diagnosed as SATs comprising 44% of tumors with eccrine sweat gland differentiation followed by tumors showing hair follicle differentiation (32%), sebaceous differentiation (16%) and apocrine gland differentiation (8%). The age ranged from 4 years to 68 years and male: female ratio was 1:1.5. Most of the tumors were benign (84%) while only 16% were malignant. Pilomatricoma (19%) was the most common benign tumor while sebaceous carcinoma (75%) was the most common malignant tumor.Conclusions: Skin adnexal tumors are relatively rare neoplasm. Malignant cases are less common than benign ones. Histopathology is quite essential for diagnostic point of view.
Background: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy occurring in females worldwide while in India it is the 2nd most common malignancy occurring after cervical cancer in females. The treatment modalities and prognosis of breast carcinoma depend largely on their hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone receptors) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) status. The aim of this study was to correlate the receptor status in invasive breast carcinoma with histopathological grading of the tumor.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in the department of pathology, Silchar medical college and hospital, Cachar from January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 69 cases were considered for the study, selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Histomorphology grading in invasive ductal breast carcinomas was done along with the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu.Results: The present study comprised of total of 69 infiltrating breast carcinoma cases. Out of all 51% cases were found to be in 4th decade of life. The most common type found in the study was invasive ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified) seen in 86.96% cases. Maximum 41.67% of cases were histologically classified as grade III. A positive correlation was found between histological grading and immunohistochemistry of hormone receptors (ER, PR) and HER2/neu status.Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between histopathological grade and hormone receptors status and HER2/neu.The estrogen receptor and progestrone receptor were found negative in high grade disease on histological evaluation. Triple negative breast carcinomas have poorer prognosis as they tend to be of high grade.
Background: Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) covers a wide spectrum of benign and malignant conditions that arise from pregnancies with abnormal trophoblastic tissue development. It is a source of significant morbidity as well as increased risk of mortality from their complications if not identified and treated early enough. Our study aimed at the various clinicopathological features of GTDs along with their prevalence in a tertiary care centre.Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted over a period of 3 years from January 2017 to December 2019. All GTD cases were retrieved from department registries and analysed.Results: Out of 60 diagnosed cases of GTDs, 57 cases (95%) were Hydatiform mole. Invasive mole and choriocarcinoma were 2 cases (3%) and 1 cases (2%) respectively. Age ranged from 18-37 years. The most commonly affected age group was 20-25 years with 33 cases (55%). Most cases were presented in the first trimester presenting with bleeding per vagina. The majority of GTD cases belonged to blood group A and 50,000-<1,00,000 mlU/mL beta HCG level.Conclusions: Histopathological examination is helpful for confirmation of diagnosis.It is very important to follow up of such patients for early diagnosis of malignant trophoblastic tumors.
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