Given that the adolescence period is one of the most crucial stages of development during one's lifetime and adolescents are prone to engage in behaviors which may negatively impact their health, it is very important to have a clear and transparent understanding of adolescents' health needs and problems. A content analysis with a qualitative approach was conducted and 41 healthy adolescents were interviewed. The results of this study revealed the following themes: addiction causes and prevalence; unhealthy friendship and communication and increased rates of cigarette smoking; alcohol and drugs; barriers to and factors in addiction and health; family and addiction. The findings showed worrying attitudes of adolescents to addiction and its prevalence are alarming. It is concluded that exploring adolescents' perspectives is not only important but is useful for maintaining a healthy society, and thus policy makers should develop effective prevention and intervention programs based on these themes.
Introduction:The present study examined the favorable attitude of a sample of female university students regarding elective cosmetic surgery, body dysmorphic disorder, self-esteem and body dissatisfaction following a media literacy training intervention.Methods:This study was a quasi-experimental type. The study sample included 140 female university students who were allocated to either the intervention (n=70) or the control group (n=70). Attitude toward cosmetic surgery, body dysmorphic disorder, self-esteem and, body satisfaction was measured in both groups before the intervention and 4 weeks later. Four media literacy training sessions were conducted over 4 weeks for the intervention group. The data was analyzed through analysis of covariance, student’s paired-samples t test, and Pearson correlation.Results:Our findings showed that favorable attitude, body dysmorphic disorder and body dissatisfaction scores were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the intervention group than the control group. Furthermore, self-esteem score increased significantly in the intervention group.Conclusions:Our results underscores the importance of media literacy intervention in decreasing female’s favorable attitude towards elective cosmetic surgery, body dysmorphic disorder and body dissatisfaction as well as increasing self-esteem.
In the present study, the effects of Levetiracetam on the development and expression of tolerance to the morphine-induced antinociception was evaluated using tail-flick test. Methods: To assess the Levetiracetam effects on tolerance development, the animals received Levetiracetam (60, 300 or 900 mg/kg; i.p.), 30 min prior to morphine (50 mg/kg; s.c.) administration during tolerance induction period once daily for 3 days. Also, to evaluate the effects of Levetiracetam on tolerance expression, different doses of Levetiracetam was administered 30 min before challenge dose of morphine (5 mg/kg; s.c.) following morphine-induced tolerance. In each experiment the antinociceptive response to the challenge dose of morphine was evaluated after 30-min interval by tail-flick test. Furthermore, the analgesic effect of various doses of Levetiracetam alone was evaluated as well. Results: The results showed that Levetiracetam at the doses of 300 and 900 mg/kg could inhibit the development of tolerance. Also, Levetiracetam at the dose of 900 mg/kg attenuated the expression of morphine-induced tolerance. Levetiracetam injection was associated significantly with higher latency period when compared to the control group. Moreover, Levetiracetam (900 mg/kg) significantly enhanced antinociceptive effect of morphine in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: These data indicated that, while Levetiracetam can attenuate both development and expression of morphine-induced tolerance, it can enhance morphine-induced antinociception. These effects may have important clinical implications.
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