Exobasidium Woronin, 1867 comprises 129 epithets listed in the Index Fungorum (http://www.index fungo rum.org/names/ names. asp, accessed on October 21, 2021) and is the largest genus under Exobasidiales. Most species of the genus are known as plant pathogens that cause plant deformities characterized by blisters, witches' brooms, and galls on leaves, stems, flowers, shoots, and
A new combination, Clinoconidium inouyei, is proposed to accommodate Uredo inouyei (syn. Ustilago inouyei, Melanopsichium inouyei, Ustilago machili) from Japan, producing galls on shoot buds of Machilus japonica (Lauraceae). This taxonomic treatment is based on observations of gastroid sporulation in peripheral lacunae of the host galls and basidiospore morphology. This is also supported by phylogenetic analyses with LSU and ITS regions of rDNA. This species is morphologically and phylogenetically similar to C. onumae producing galls on shoot buds of Cinnamomum tenuifolium reported from Japan, but has larger basidiospores.
Antherospora vaillantii is an anther smut fungus that was originally considered occurring on Muscari spp. around the world; however, cryptic species were revealed during recent taxonomic investigations, thus emphasizing the importance of host specificity. In Japan, A. vaillantii was identified on Barnardia japonica in 1936. Although the recent revelations indicate that it may be part of a complex based on the host plant genus, the phylogenetic placement of this Japanese species is currently unresolved. In this investigation, seven specimens of the A. vaillantii complex were collected from the Kanto area of Japan, and six new single teliospore isolates were established. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer sequences and large subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S) region indicated that the new samples formed a monophyletic clade with other Antherospora spp. among Floromycetaceae lineage. Our samples were separated from other known species of Antherospora and formed a robust monophyletic clade in any analysis. Detailed morphological observations revealed that the new samples could be distinguished from other known Antherospora species. As a result, it is proposed that A. barnardiae can accommodate B. japonica parasites. The evolutionary processes of Floromycetaceae in relation to their Asparagaceous host plants have also been carefully discussed. Based on the morphological observations of the basidiospore ontogenic patterns, the familial concept of Floromycetaceae was redefined.
There were no clear type descriptions in the text, including illustrations, and descriptions for speci c specimens. However E. pentasporium Shirai (1896) was adopted as the o cial name because a type specimen has been necessary for naming of a new fungal species only after Jan 1, 1958 based on Article 40.1 in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICNafp) (Turland et al., 2018). Scienti c names enable us to recognize organisms and to communicate scienti c knowledge about them, and an unambiguous name is assured by the permanent preservation of physical organisms as type specimens of the name of taxon (Yurkov et al., 2021). Thus, the need for type designation is required because a taxonomic name published later than May 1, 1753, must be typed with a specimen chosen based on Article 7.9. In addition, a name can be epitypi ed by a newly collected specimen from which a living culture has been derived in order to serve as a modern reference specimen according to Article 9.9 (Turland et al., 2018). Typi cation of the name E. pentasporium is, therefore, important to stabilize the accurate identi cation of this pathogenic fungus and to serve as a foundation for applied research on this fungus.In this study, we found and examined an old specimen preserved in an herbarium that was collected by Shirai in 1895 and a fresh specimen collected in the type locality, in Nikko, Tochigi, Japan. The preserved specimen is herein regarded as the holotype of E. pentasporium and a recently collected, dried specimen is designated as epitype. The morphological characteristics of this species and its molecular phylogenetic position among other Exobasidium species and its relatives were also determined.
Materials and methods
SpecimensWe explored dried specimens of Exobasidium spp. collected by Shirai at the mycological herbarium of the National Museum of
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