The present study was undertaken to explore whether prodynorphin (PDYN)
polymorphisms have an effect on the intensity of depressive symptoms and
negative craving in heroin addicts in a sample of 100 heroin addicts and 108
controls. PDYN rs2281285, rs2225749 and rs910080 polymorphisms were analyzed
by PCR-RFLP. Craving and the intensity of depressive symptoms were measured
by the Substance Craving Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory-II,
respectively. A significant association between depression severity and PDYN
rs2281285 (P=0.026) and rs2225749 (P=0.038) polymorphisms was detected. PDYN
rs2225749 variation showed a trend association with increased negative
craving (P=0.066). We also examined the associations between heroin
dependence and PDYN rs2281285, rs2225749 and rs910080 gene polymorphisms at
the gene and haplotype levels. The AAA haplotype was more frequent in heroin
addicts and shown to be significantly associated with increased risk for
heroin dependence (OR, 8.922; 95% CI, 1.116-71.313; P<0.05). PDYN rs2281285
and rs2225749 variations affected the intensity of depressive symptoms, and
PDYN rs2225749 polymorphism may contribute to the induction of negative
craving in heroin addicts. Haplotype analysis revealed for the first time
that addicts with the AAA haplotype of PDYN gene may be more prone to heroin
dependence.
Aim: To evaluate the association between OPRK1 rs963549 and rs997917 and opioid use disorder (OUD) and related phenotypes. Methods: A sample of 208 individuals with (n = 100) and without (n = 108) OUD were enrolled. OPRK1 rs963549 and rs997917 were analyzed by PCR–RFLP. Craving, opioid withdrawal and the intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured by the appropriate scales. Results: OPRK1 rs963549 variation showed a trend of association with decreased opioid withdrawal. No significant associations were found between OPRK1 rs963549 and rs997917 polymorphisms and craving, depression or anxiety symptoms. Neither single OPRK1 SNPs nor OPRK1 haplotypes were associated with OUD. Conclusion: Our results could be useful for treatment failures of individuals who experience greater opioid withdrawal due to their OPRK1 rs963549 genotypes.
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