In vitro maturation (IVM) is one of the most controversial aspects of assisted reproductive technology. Although it has been studied extensively, it is still not a conventional treatment option and is accepted as an alternative treatment. However, studies have shown that IVM can be used in almost all areas where in vitro fertilization (IVF) is used and it has a strong place in fertility protection and Ovarian Hyperstimulation syndrome management. The aim of this systematic review was to address all aspects of the current knowledge of IVM treatment together with the evolution of IVM and IVF.

Objective: To investigate whether prior testis magnetic resonance spectroscopy predicts the success or failure of micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Material and Methods: Nine men with NOA who were scheduled for micro-TESE for the first time, 9 NOA men with a history of previous micro-TESE and 5 fertile men were enrolled. All NOA patients and fertile controls underwent testis spectroscopy. A multi-voxel spectroscopy sequence was used. Testicular signals of choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (MI), lactate, and lipids were analyzed quantitatively and compared with the results of the micro-TESEs. Results: The most prominent peaks were Cho and Cr in the fertile controls and NOA subjects with positive sperm retrieval in the micro-TESE. A high Cho peak was detected in 87% of the NOA men with positive sperm retrieval. NOA men without sperm at the previous micro-TESE showed a marked decrease in Cho and Cr signals. For positive sperm retrieval in micro-TESE, the cutoff value of Cho was 1.46 ppm, the cutoff value of Cr was 1.43 ppm, and the cutoff value of MI was 0.79 ppm. Conclusion: Testis spectroscopy can be used as a non-invasive screening method to predict the success or failure of micro-TESE.

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Objective:The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate intrauterine insemination (IUI) clinical experiences and to define the variables for predicting success. Material and Methods:The present study was an observational trial performed in a private IVF center on subfertile couples who had applied for treatment between 2002 and 2012, in which the data of 503 IUI cases were retrospectively reviewed. Couples who had been diagnosed with unexplained and mild male subfertility were included. The primary outcome measure was the clinical pregnancy rate in an attempt to form a predictive model for the odds of a clinical pregnancy. Recorded parameters were used to determine the prediction model. Results:Utilizing univariate logistic regression analysis, clinical pregnancy was positively associated with the duration of infertility (OR=1.09, p=0.089), secondary infertility (OR=1.77, p=0.050), and +4 sperm motility after preparation (OR=1.03, p=0.091). Following an adjustment analysis involving a multivariate logistic regression, clinical pregnancy was still found to positively associate with secondary infertility (OR=2.51, p=0.008). Conclusion:IUI success in secondary infertile couples who were in the unexplained infertility and mild male subfertility groups was higher than that in primary infertile couples, and the chances of pregnancy increased as sperm numbers with +4 motility increased. It is difficult to concomitantly evaluate all these parameters and to determine a predictive parameter in IUI independent from other factors. (J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2016; 17: 134-8) Keywords: Intrauterine insemination, unexplained infertility, male subfertility Received: 1 April, 2016 Accepted: 25 July, 2016 Factors affecting clinical pregnancy rates after IUI for the treatment of unexplained infertility and mild male subfertility

This novel technique EM is a safe, feasible surgical technique compared with SM. Besides the less intra-operative blood loss, it also has the potential to diminish the risk of abdominal adhesion formation.