The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of basic and sport nutrition as well as perspectives of young Egyptian athletes. Structured interview survey measuring knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors about basic and sport nutrition was administered to adolescent athletes recruited from 4 sport clubs and 2 fitness centers in Greater Cairo governorate. A total of 358 participants aged 13–18 years completed questionnaires. Basic nutrition knowledge was reasonable in almost all domains except fast food. Fixed breakfast (78.5%), home meals (lunch, 70.7%), and healthy snacks (55.8%) were the most positive features of the basic dietary pattern. More than 70% perceived themselves as knowledgeable about sport nutrition. The prevalence rate of sport supplement intake was (48.9%, n = 175), predominantly sport drinks (66.9%) and creatine (54.3%). Coaches were the primary source of sport nutrition information. Forty-four percent of participants (n = 77/175) reported supplement consumption during competition seasons only. Better physical appearance and enhancement of athletic performance were the major motivations for supplement intake. These findings indicate the necessity of a comprehensive nutrition education program targeting not only athletes and parents, but also coaching staff, health trainers and all sport team officials.

Background: Though factors such as breastfeeding (BF), cow's milk formula, and cereals are among the dietary factors linked to T1D development, their role is still debatable. Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between BF patterns and the development of T1D. Subjects and Methods:The study is an epidemiologic hospital-based case-control study in Ismalia city, Egypt. 140 children 15 months-to 13 -year-old, from both sexes were included in two groups; the T1D cases (n=70) and the nondiabetic; age-and-sex-matched, control group (n=70). Results: The proportion of children who received exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was low in both cases and controls but significantly lower among cases (11% vs 53% respectively, P<0.05) with almost nine times rise in the odds of T1D. More T1D children depended on formula feeding (FF) during their infancy than controls (40% vs 14% respectively, P<0.05) with four folds rise in the odds of T1D. T1D patients who had FF (n= 28) started it at an earlier age compared to controls who had FF (n=10) (mean age 3.2 vs 12.3 months respectively, P<0.05). Likewise, the onset of weaning took place at the age of four months among T1D cases vs five months among controls (P<0.05). No association was detected between T1D and the sociodemographic or maternal obstetric factors. Conclusion: Short-term BF or no BF at all may be a substantial risk factor for T1D. FF and the early age at its start increase the odds of T1D.

Background: The optimal feeding practice in infants and young children is the key in shaping their adequate growth and development. Methods: The study aimed to explore the multiple interactions that influence the complexity of infant feeding in Egypt and acknowledge the common beliefs, attitudes and practices regarding breastfeeding and weaning process. Energy and nutrients daily intake provided by complementary foods was also investigated. Structured interview survey gathering data on maternal feeding practices related to infants and young children, clinical and nutritional status of infants and their nutrient daily intake was administered to 235 mother-infant pairs recruited from Nile Delta. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was significantly reported in 55.8% (p < 0.001), being optimum in only 8.9 % of infants and significantly predicted in mothers aged 25-29 years. The complementary feeding started at ≥ 6 months in 58.3 % of infants and significantly based on commercial recipes ((p < 0.001). Cessation of breastfeeding (34.5 %) was mainly associated with maternal perception of insufficient breast milk (16.2 %) and significantly associated with female gender (p<0.001), rural residence (p<0.001), maternal age (25-29 years), parental occupation and paternal education (p<0.001). Calcium (58.7 %), vitamin B2 (45.1 %) and vitamin C (55.7 %) were the only nutrients adequately consumed. Conclusions: In Egypt, infant and young feeding practices are still far from the recommended levels. Collaboration between government entities and non-profit organizations is required to improve maternal knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and practices.

Background:High salt intake is linked to risk of development of renal disease, stomach cancer and osteoporosis.Raised BP typically present in adulthood but its origin commonly begins in childhood.The aim of this study is toassess of knowledge and practices towards salt intake among adolescents.Methods: This was a cross – sectional that carried out in Mansoura governorate. A convenience sample of 240 adolescents between 12 -17 years was taken from community recreation places and clubs. A Pre tested questionnaires were developed to assesssociodemographic characteristics, knowledge towards salt consumption, knowledge towards salt hazards and trials to control salt consumption.A modified food frequency questionnaire was used to assess their nutritional practices.Results:Nearly half of study group was aged 14-15 years(40.9%).Nearly two third of study participants was females (64.2%) and three quarter was from urban areas (75%).More than half of study group believed to consume moderate amount of salty food (57.1 %), and about half of them had good knowledge about salt harms and value of reduction of salt consumption (50.8% & 53.3% respectively),.Unfortunately majority of them did not attempt any trial of mentioned trials to control their salt intake. Only less than 50 % try to minimize outdoors food and processed food consumption. Conclusion:Although study participants knew the harm of salt consumption, unfortunately majority of them did not attempt any trial of mentioned trials to control their salt intake. Recommendations: These findings highlighted the importance of nutritional counseling among adolescents towards healthy eating practices Key words Salt Intake-Knowledge-Practices-Adolescents  

ypertension is one of the avoidable diseases, prevention can be done by adopting healthy eating habits. There is growing interest in using alternative plants and herbal as medicines to treat and prevent hypertension. The study aims to explore the knowledge of Egyptian adults about hypertension and their perspectives to control it by consumption of capsicum, garlic, and turmeric. Methods: a cross-sectional study. The 1008 participants need to fill anonymous questionnaire (Google form). They answer questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, history of hypertension, dietary habits, and use of turmeric, capsicum, and garlic to control hypertension. The study revealed (76.1 %) had a positive family history of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was (18.9%) in the studied group as perceived. Their knowledge about hypertension was from reading (39.3%) and social media (30.4%). (31 %) reported a reduction of salt intake to control hypertension. (30.9%) of the studied group trusted natural remedies to control BP. Participants who consume chili, garlic, and turmeric regularly noticed changes in their blood pressure (25 %, 35 %, 37.5 %) respectively. There was a significant association between the frequency of garlic, chili, and turmeric consumed and a change in blood pressure P ≤ 0.05. Conclusion: knowledge about hypertension was from reading and social media, changing dietary habits such as decreasing salt intake, and trust in herbs such as chili, garlic, and turmeric to control hypertension. Regular consumption of herbs may have a potential effect in lowering blood pressure, further studies are recommended.