Aim: To compare the effectiveness of Maitland mobilization and pain release phenomena for Pain, Range of motion disability in early knee osteoarthritis. Methodology: Randomized control trail was conducted at Department of Physical Therapy, Railway General Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan within a duration of 6 months. Participants aged between 35-60 years including both genders, diagnosed with stage 1 and 2 knee osteoarthritis were included. Range of motion (ROM) was assessed by Goniometer, Numeric pain rating scale(NPRS) used for pain and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores used for knee disability. IBM SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis. Non-parametric tests were used for NPRS while parametric test were used for knee ROM and knee disability . Results: Total 47 participants, were analyzed in which mean age in Experimental Maitland mobilization group A was 45.3±6.06 while mean age in experimental pain release phenomena group B was 45.4±4.59. Between-group analysis for NPRS was significantly improved at post intervention having p value (0.03). Between group comparison of knee ROM and WOMAC also showed significant p value. (p value=<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that both techniques are equally effective in decreasing pain, improving knee ROMs and functional mobility in early knee osteoarthritis. Keywords: Knee Osteoarthritis; Early Mobilization ; Knee Joint Pain; Knee Joint Range Of Motion; Knee Disability.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to create awareness of holistic Screening approach about Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy among Physical Therapists in Twin Cities. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad for of 6 months. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out and non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from 110 Physical Therapists (58.1% females and 41.8% Males. A specified semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data from Physical Therapists. Results: This study was carried out on 110 Physical Therapists. Results of our study showed that 94 (85.5%) Physical Therapists screened patients with different modalities such as 7 (6.4%) used touch perception, 6 (5.5%) used pain perception, 2 (1.8%) used vibration perception and only 1 (.9%) used ankle deep tendon reflex. 97 (88.2%) Physical Therapists assessed pain by different methods such as Pin prick method was used by 67 (60.9%) therapist, VAS was used by 15 (13.6%) therapists, 87 (79.1%) Physical Therapists assessed touch sensation. 21 (19.1%), used cotton ball, 5 (4.5%) used manual touch while 41 (37.3%) were having no specific response. Conclusion: It is concluded that Physical Therapists of twin cities are aware of basic screening steps for Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy and they utilize appropriate tool/modalities for assessing sensations and motor reflexes. This highlight the up to date evidence-based knowledge of PT working in twin cities.

Aim: To find out frequency of depression, anxiety and stress among medical undergraduate students. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in medical colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad from January 2021 to June 2021. After approval from institutional ethical committee, sample size was calculated by using open epitool and calculated sample size was 356. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used for data collection. The participants of age 17 and 26 years, healthy adults and both genders were included in the study. Students who were married, with disability, taking any sedatives and diagnosed with psychological disorders or illness were excluded. Written consent was taken from each participant. Data was collected by using semi-structured questionnaire which comprised of two sections, first part included demographic information and second part included DASS-21 questions. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 24. Results: The overall mean age of sample was 21.14 ± 3.6 years with a range: 17-26 years. Majority of the study participant were females 202 (56.7%) while 154 (43.3%) were males. Depression was found in 67.4%, anxiety in 62.6% and stress in 72.5% undergraduate medical students. Depression, anxiety, and stress was more prevalent among females in comparison with male gender. Conclusion: The current study indicates depression, anxiety and stress were highly prevalent among medical students. For better performance in studies there is a need to take early measures to prevent mental health problem among students. Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Medical students, Stress

Aim: To find out frequency of depression, anxiety and stress among medical undergraduate students. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in medical colleges of Rawalpindi and Islamabad from January 2021 to June 2021. After approval from institutional ethical committee, sample size was calculated by using open epitool and calculated sample size was 356. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used for data collection. The participants of age 17 and 26 years, healthy adults and both genders were included in the study. Students who were married, with disability, taking any sedatives and diagnosed with psychological disorders or illness were excluded. Written consent was taken from each participant. Data was collected by using semi-structured questionnaire which comprised of two sections, first part included demographic information and second part included DASS-21 questions. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 24. Results: The overall mean age of sample was21.14±3.6 years with a range: 17-26 years. Majority of the study participant were females 202(56.7%) while 154(43.3%) were males. Depression was found in 67.4%, anxiety in 62.6% and stress in 72.5% undergraduate medical students. Depression, anxiety, and stress was more prevalent among females in comparison with male gender. Conclusion: The current study indicates depression, anxiety and stress were highly prevalent among medical students. For better performance in studies there is a need to take early measures to prevent mental health problem among students. Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Medical students, Stress

Aim: To determine the effects of neuromuscular Reeducation technique along with ischemic compression on upper trapezius myofascial trigger points regarding pain and lateral cervical ROM. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was conducted.50 patients (25 in each group; aged 32.00 ±7.12 years), diagnosed with neck pain having upper trapezius myofascial trigger points and reduced lateral cervical range of motion were included. Patients were randomized into ischemic compression group (A) and Neuromuscular Reeducation group (B). Both groups were associated with conventional physiotherapy, which continued for two weeks. Outcomes were measured by using a Goniometer for lateral cervical ROM and pain intensity by using NPRS, assessed at baseline and on 8th post-intervention. Results: 49 participants were analyzed due to a lost in follow-up of one subject from Control Group-A. Intragroup comparison of pre to post value for cervical ROM and NPRS showed a significant (p value=.000) for both groups. Intergroup comparison of baseline to end value for cervical ROM was significantly improved on post-intervention along with significantly improved NPRS Conclusion: This study concluded that Neuromuscular Reeducation along ischemic compression approach for MTRPs has proven to be more effective to improve cervical range of motion and reducing pain. Keywords: Myofascial trigger points, Ischemic Compression, Neuromuscular reeducation, Upper Trapezius, Neck pain.