We have attempted to describe the rapidity and transverse momentum spectra, simultaneously, of the hadrons produced in the Ultra-relativistic Nuclear Collisions. This we have tried to achieve in a single statistical thermal freeze-out model using single set of parameters. We assume the formation of a hadronic gas in thermo-chemical equilibrium at the freeze-out. The model incorporates a longitudinal as well as a transverse hydrodynamic flow. We have also found that the role of heavier hadronic resonance decay is important in explaining the particle spectra.
We attempt to describe the rapidity and transverse momentum spectra of strange as well as non-strange hadrons e.g.-and their ratios in the ultra-relativistic collisions of gold nuclei at √ s = 200 GeV. This is done by using a statistical thermal freeze-out model which incorporates the rapidity (collision) axis as well as transverse direction boosts developed within an expanding hot and dense hadronic fluid (fireball) till the final freeze-out. We determine the thermo-chemical freeze-out conditions particularly in terms of the temperature, baryon chemical potential and collective flow effect parameters for different particle species. The parameters indicate occurrence of freeze-out of the singly and doubly strange hyperon species at somewhat earlier times during the evolution of the fireball. The experimental data of the transverse momentum and rapidity distribution are well reproduced. The contribution of heavier hadronic resonance decay is taken into account.
We examine the implications of the constraints arising due to strangeness conservation on the strangeness production in various existing thermal hadron-gas models. The dependence of strangeness chemical potential S on the baryon chemical potential B and temperature T is investigated. The incorporation of finite-size, hard-core, repulsive interactions in the thermodynamically consistent description of hot and dense hadron gas alters the results obtained for pointlike particles. We compare results in two extreme alternative cases: ͑1͒ K and K* mesons are treated as point particles and they can penetrate all volumes occupied by baryons and antibaryons and ͑2͒ the volume occupied by the baryons and antibaryons is not accessible to them. We find that the results indeed depend on the assumptions made. Moreover, the anomalous results obtained for the ratios ⌶/⌶ and ⌳/⌳ rule out the second possibility.PACS number͑s͒: 25.75. Ϫq, 12.38.Mh, 21.65.ϩf, 24.85.ϩp
The density functional theory calculation has been carried out for the analysis of 5-chlorouracil using DFT/Gaussian 09 with GAR2PED. Recorded experimental spectra for Raman and IR of 5-chlorouracil have been analyzed all fundamental vibrational modes using the outcome results of DFT at 6-311++G** of Gaussian 09 calculations and the GaussView 5.09. To help the analysis of vibrational modes, GAR2PED program has been used in the calculation of PEDs. The charge transfer properties of 5-chlorouracil have been analyzed using HOMO and LUMO level energy analysis. HOMO and LUMO energy gap study supports the charge transfer possibility in molecule. These have been made to study for reactivity and stability of
heterocyclic molecules
for the analysis of antiviral drugs against the new corona virus: COVID-19. Here, the
smaller energy gap
of 5-chlorouracil is more responsible for charge transfer interaction in the
heterocyclic drug molecules
and a reason of more bioactivity. The electron density mapping within molecular electrostatic potential plot and electrostatic potential plotting within iso-surface plot have been evaluated the charge distribution concept in the molecule as the nucleophilic reactions and electrophilic sites. These computations have been used to produce the molecular charges, structure and thermodynamic functions of biomolecule. This study has been made to all internal modes of chloro group substituent at pyrimidine ring of C
5
atom. The splitting of frequencies has arisen in the two species for the normal distribution modes.
Graphical abstract
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