The study aims to explore postgraduate research students expectations from their thesis supervisors in online postgraduate programs. Particularly it aimed to study their perceptions of the role of thesis supervisor in their postgraduate research work. The study followed survey research design. The population comprised 1118 Postgraduate (MS) students enrolled in nine programs at post-graduation level in spring 2018. Using stratified random sampling technique, a total of 150 postgraduate research students were selected from five programs (MS Computer science, M Phil Educational Leadership and Management, MS Business Administration, MS Mathematics and MS Zoology of four faculties of Virtual University of Pakistan. Data were collected through researcher made scale Expectations of Research Students (ERS) having five subscales and 28 items. Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA were applied for obtaining results. Findings suggested that well documented and communicated thesis supervision regulations and including face-to-face interactions with online supervision could make some improvements to the outcomes of online supervision.
The study aims to explore association between parental involvement and its contribution in students’ performance goal orientation and academic achievement during their elementary schooling. The study adopted correlational design. Nine (04 boys and 05 girls) Middle/Elementary schools were randomly selected from 233 (140 girls and, 93 boys) Middle/ Elementary schools of Lahore. 324 participants (180 girls and 144 boys) from grade 6 were conveniently selected from these randomly selected 09 public Middle/elementary schools. 324 parents (mother/father) of above mentioned students were also included in this Study. Two instruments, Student Performance Goal Orientation (SPGO) and Parental Involvement Scale (PIS) were used as research instruments. It was quantitative study based on descriptive research. Survey method was used for data collection. The study found positive association between parental involvement and students’ learning outcomes achievement. Positive association between students’ performance goal orientation and students’ learning achievement was also found. It was observed that parents can increase the students’ motivation level and help them for their achievements. More than half of the students were of the views that parental involvement enhances the student’s learning achievement.
Perspicuous organization and persuasion are required in academic writing for creating unity, making claims, sequencing, and eloquence. Hedging is a distinctive aspect of academic writing. Hedging can be employed as a communicative strategy to decrease or enhance the strength of claims (Hyland, 1998). This research study explores the frequencies and grammatical categories of hedges in the research dissertations written by Pakistani authors. The corpus of the study contains 150 research dissertations of sciences and social sciences. The frequencies and forms of hedges are examined by utilizing Varttala’s (1999) classification of Hedges. Lists of hedges have been developed to identify the different categories of hedges. Instances of hedges have been extracted from the corpora with the help of AntConc 3.5.8 (2019) software. The results reveal that the authors from the field of social sciences are more careful and cautious in making their claims as compared to the sciences.
This study was conducted with the aim to find out educational problems faced by the teachers at higher secondary level by keeping in mind their most common issues regarding discipline, books, environment regarding teaching and learning, conduction of exams. This study was descriptive in nature and survey method was used to identify the higher secondary teachers’ perceptions about educational problems that they faced. The sample has been selected while using the convenient sampling technique. The total 215 teachers were working in the boys’ HSCs selected as the sample. On the other hand 282 female teachers have been selected for the study as a sample. The researcher collected the data while adapting the close ended questionnaire developed by (Ayub, 2014). There are 32 items included in the aforementioned research questionnaire. The descriptive statistics percentage and Mann Whitney U test was applied by the researcher to analyze the data. In the light of findings of current study it is concluded that the educational problems exist at Higher Secondary schools Lahore. However, the teachers replied that they try to resolve the students’ problem by discussing the issues with their colleagues, principals and most importantly with students as well. It was also concluded that there was no mean score difference in male and female teachers regarding the existence of problems faced at Higher Schools Lahore.
Purpose: In the past, a number of research studies have been done on bullying, but most of them are in the context of student’s bullying students. The present study highlighted an important issue of teachers being bullied by their students. The purpose of the study was to examine the perception and behavior of teachers about teacher targeted bullying (TTB) and prevention of TTB. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study was quantitative in nature. The sample comprised of all public and private tertiary education institutions/ colleges of Lahore. The data was collected from one hundred fifty teachers through cluster sampling technique from six public and private tertiary education institutions/ colleges. A self-developed instrument, comprising of statements on frequency, perception, behavior and preventive measures on teacher targeted bullying was used to collect data from respondents. Findings: The results indicate that the teachers’ awareness level about TTB is low. Furthermore, they are also not aware about the types of bullying they are facing. The response of teachers on preventing bullying is also not very positive while very less teachers are prone to take preventive measures to stop or reduce bullying. The tests on demographic variables indicate that there is difference in opinion on basis of age and work experience of teachers towards teacher targeted bullying. Implications: Based on results it can be recommended that there is need to aware teachers and administrators about teacher targeted bullying so that they can voice up against it. Additionally, this can also be recommended that the policy clauses should be added and displayed at institutes about teacher targeted bullying.
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