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Purpose Companies today observe an increase in the complexity and vulnerability of their supply chains (SCs) as a result of global scale networks and a turbulent environment. The purpose of this paper is to explore knowledge management (KM) as a potential way of reducing SC vulnerability and answer the following question: how does inter-organisational KM influence efforts to reduce SC vulnerability? Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the resource-based view and the knowledge-based view (KBV), a single case study in the energy industry is conducted by collecting various data through interviews, observations and internal documents. Findings This edifying case study indicates that a lack of KM hinders any attempt to mitigate SC vulnerability. Research limitations/implications This research shows several limitations such as data privacy, generalisation and the decision to study an atypical SC. Practical implications The paper points out in a dedicated section the key actions a company should take in order to develop the required characteristics of knowledge expressed in the KBV. Originality/value This is the first qualitative research that investigates the relationships between SC vulnerability and KM, and more particularly in a recycling context where a strong research gap exists.

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