Purpose: Different immunohistochemical stains are used in dermatopathology to stain melanocytes and diagnose benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Methods: SOX-10, HMB-45, and Melan-A immunohistochemical stains were used to assess 32 biopsy specimens with a histologic diagnosis of lentigo. The total number of melanocytes stained with each immunohistochemical stain was counted and an average count was obtained from two readings. Results: Analysis of the data revealed a significant difference in staining melanocytes between these three immunostains (p=0.0010, ANOVA). SOX-10 stained 0.195 more melanocytes than HMB-45 (p=0.0026). Similarly, Melan-A stained 0.195 more melanocytes than HMB-45 (p=0.0011). However, the difference between SOX-10 and Melan-A was not statistically significant (p=0.9810). Conclusion: SOX-10 and Melan-A immunostaining stain more melanocytes than HMB-45. No significant difference was noted between Melan-A and SOX-10.
Overall, our findings suggest that the AKT gene is differentially methylated in the skeletal muscle of patients taking atypical antipsychotics or mood stabilizer maintenance therapy. These results may direct future approaches to reduce the harmful adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic treatment.
Associations were identified between the heterozygous haptoglobin 2-1 genotype and insulin resistance, fasting insulin and fasting c-peptide. The effect of sex did not remain significant after adjustment for relevant variables. HP genetic variation may have utility as a biomarker of insulin resistance and diabetes risk in Arab-Americans, however, future prospective studies are needed.
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